biostudies-literatureCousineau CMNIDDK NIH HHSNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNIAMS NIH HHSNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNIGMS NIH HHS426-433https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10909986biostudies-literatureUnknown14(3)Genetically diverse outbred mice allow for the study of genetic variation in the context of high dietary and environmental control. Using a machine learning approach, we investigated clinical and morphometric factors that associate with serum cholesterol levels in 840 genetically unique Diversity Outbred mice of both sexes (n = 417 male and 423 female), and on both a control chow (% kcals in diet: protein 22%, carbohydrate 62%, fat 16%, no cholesterol) and high fat high sucrose (% kcals in diet: protein 15%, carbohydrate 41%, fat 45%, 0.05% cholesterol). We find expected elevations of cholesterol in male mice, as well as in mice with elevated serum triglycerides and/or fed a high fat high sucrose diet. The third strongest predictor was serum calcium which correlated with serum cholesterol across both diets and sexes (r = 0.39-0.48) in both Diversity Outbred (P = 3.0 × 10^-43 ) and BXD (P = 0.005) mice. This is in-line with several human cohort studies which show associations between calcium and cholesterol, and calcium as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.FEBS open bioCross-sectional association between blood cholesterol and calcium levels in genetically diverse strains of mice.PMC10909986R01 DK107535P30 DK089503R01 GM070683P30 DK020572R01DK107535R01GM070683P30 AR069620Cousineau CMChurchill GABridges DLoftus KfalseCross-sectional association between blood cholesterol and calcium levels in genetically diverse strains of mice.Genetically diverse outbred mice allow for the study of genetic variation in the context of high dietary and environmental control. Using a machine learning approach, we investigated clinical and morphometric factors that associate with serum cholesterol levels in 840 genetically unique Diversity Outbred mice of both sexes (n = 417 male and 423 female), and on both a control chow (% kcals in diet: protein 22%, carbohydrate 62%, fat 16%, no cholesterol) and high fat high sucrose (% kcals in diet: protein 15%, carbohydrate 41%, fat 45%, 0.05% cholesterol). We find expected elevations of cholesterol in male mice, as well as in mice with elevated serum triglycerides and/or fed a high fat high sucrose diet. The third strongest predictor was serum calcium which correlated with serum cholesterol across both diets and sexes (r = 0.39-0.48) in both Diversity Outbred (P = 3.0 × 10^-43 ) and BXD (P = 0.005) mice. This is in-line with several human cohort studies which show associations between calcium and cholesterol, and calcium as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2026-06-16T04:51:00.944Z2025-04-05T11:38:38.475ZS-EPMC109099863812996910.1002/2211-5463.13757