biostudies-literatureUnknown14(2)Hegelund ER<h4>Objectives</h4>To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective phenome-wide association study.<h4>Setting</h4>Denmark.<h4>Participants</h4>All Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 January 2000 were included (N=3 323 612). After exclusion of individuals with missing geocoded residential addresses, 3 111 988 participants were available for the statistical analyses.<h4>Main outcome measure</h4>First registered diagnosis of every health condition according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from 2000 to 2017.<h4>Results</h4>Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were both positively associated with the onset of more than 700 health conditions (ie, >80% of the registered health conditions) after correction for multiple testing, while the remaining associations were inverse or insignificant. As regards the most common health conditions, PM_2.5 and NO₂ were strongest positively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PM_2.5: HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.07) per 1 IQR increase in exposure level; NO₂: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15)), type 2 diabetes (PM_2.5: 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06); NO₂: 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.13)) and ischaemic heart disease (PM_2.5: 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.05); NO₂: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.12)). Furthermore, PM_2.5 and NO₂ were both positively associated with so far unexplored, but highly prevalent outcomes relevant to public health, including senile cataract, hearing loss and urinary tract infection.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings of this study suggest that air pollution has a more extensive impact on human health than previously known. However, as this study is the first of its kind to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions, further research is needed to replicate the study findings.BMJ opene081351https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10910582biostudies-literatureAir pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study.PMC10910582Brunekreef BLim YHLoft Sde Hoogh KMehta AJHegelund ERHoek GAndersen ZJMortensen LHfalseAir pollution and human health: a phenome-wide association study.<h4>Objectives</h4>To explore the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective phenome-wide association study.<h4>Setting</h4>Denmark.<h4>Participants</h4>All Danish residents aged ≥30 years on 1 January 2000 were included (N=3 323 612). After exclusion of individuals with missing geocoded residential addresses, 3 111 988 participants were available for the statistical analyses.<h4>Main outcome measure</h4>First registered diagnosis of every health condition according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, from 2000 to 2017.<h4>Results</h4>Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were both positively associated with the onset of more than 700 health conditions (ie, >80% of the registered health conditions) after correction for multiple testing, while the remaining associations were inverse or insignificant. As regards the most common health conditions, PM_2.5 and NO₂ were strongest positively associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PM_2.5: HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.07) per 1 IQR increase in exposure level; NO₂: 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15)), type 2 diabetes (PM_2.5: 1.06 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.06); NO₂: 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.13)) and ischaemic heart disease (PM_2.5: 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.05); NO₂: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.12)). Furthermore, PM_2.5 and NO₂ were both positively associated with so far unexplored, but highly prevalent outcomes relevant to public health, including senile cataract, hearing loss and urinary tract infection.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The findings of this study suggest that air pollution has a more extensive impact on human health than previously known. However, as this study is the first of its kind to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with onset of all human health conditions, further research is needed to replicate the study findings.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Feb2025-04-05T11:38:58.922Z2025-04-05T11:38:58.922ZS-EPMC109105823842377710.1136/bmjopen-2023-081351