biostudies-literatureTan Lthe Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Hubei ProvinceMedical and Health Research Project of Yichang5517https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10917761biostudies-literatureUnknown14(1)Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. UC confronts with severe challenges including the unclear pathogenesis and lack of specific diagnostic markers, demanding for identifying predictive biomarkers for UC diagnosis and treatment. We perform immune infiltration and weighted gene co-expression network analysis on gene expression profiles of active UC, inactive UC, and normal controls to identify UC related immune cell and hub genes. Neutrophils, M1 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, and activated mast cells are significantly enriched in active UC. MMP-9, CHI3L1, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCR2 and S100A9 are identified as hub genes in active UC. Specifically, S100A9 is significantly overexpressed in mice with colitis. The receiver operating characteristic curvScientific reportsIdentified S100A9 as a target for diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis by bioinformatics analysis.PMC10917761B2019026A23-1-107Tan LLi XZhang XTan YQin HZhang CWang JZhang QChen TfalseIdentified S100A9 as a target for diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis by bioinformatics analysis.Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. UC confronts with severe challenges including the unclear pathogenesis and lack of specific diagnostic markers, demanding for identifying predictive biomarkers for UC diagnosis and treatment. We perform immune infiltration and weighted gene co-expression network analysis on gene expression profiles of active UC, inactive UC, and normal controls to identify UC related immune cell and hub genes. Neutrophils, M1 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, and activated mast cells are significantly enriched in active UC. MMP-9, CHI3L1, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCR2 and S100A9 are identified as hub genes in active UC. Specifically, S100A9 is significantly overexpressed in mice with colitis. The receiver operating characteristic curv2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2025-04-18T15:27:55.262Z2025-04-07T02:11:03.397ZS-EPMC109177613844851410.1038/s41598-024-55944-3