biostudies-literatureUnknown12Ghasemi AH<b>Introduction:</b> This research introduces an innovative photocatalytic reactor designed to address challenges in wastewater treatment, with a focus on enhancing dye degradation and reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). <b>Methods:</b> The reactor is designed with counter-rotational movements of discs to enhance hydrodynamics and mass transfer, along with a 3D-printed, interchangeable component system to boost efficacy. TiO₂ nanoparticles, composed of 80% anatase and 20% rutile, are thermally immobilized on glass discs. The effectiveness of various treatment variables was assessed through a Central Composite Design (CCD), guided by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model. <b>Results:</b> The RSM analysis reveals that the linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of the counter-rotational movements significantly influence the efficiency of dye and COD removal. The RSM model yields coefficients of determination (R²) values of 0.9758 and 0.9765 for the predictive models of dye and COD removal, respectively. Optimized parameters for dye removal include a pH of 6.05, disc rotation speed of 22.35 rpm, initial dye concentration of 3.15 × 10^-5 M, residence time of 7.98 h, and the number of nanoparticle layers set at 3.99, resulting in 96.63% dye removal and 65.81% COD removal under optimal conditions. <b>Discussion:</b> Notably, the reactor demonstrates potential for efficient treatment within a near-neutral pH range, which could reduce costs and resource use by eliminating the need for pH adjustments. The implementation of discs rotating in opposite directions marks a significant advancement in the process of dye removal.Frontiers in chemistry1335180https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10920357biostudies-literatureEnhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using a novel counter-rotating disc reactor.PMC10920357Zoqi MJZanganeh Ranjbar PGhasemi AHfalseEnhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using a novel counter-rotating disc reactor.<b>Introduction:</b> This research introduces an innovative photocatalytic reactor designed to address challenges in wastewater treatment, with a focus on enhancing dye degradation and reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). <b>Methods:</b> The reactor is designed with counter-rotational movements of discs to enhance hydrodynamics and mass transfer, along with a 3D-printed, interchangeable component system to boost efficacy. TiO₂ nanoparticles, composed of 80% anatase and 20% rutile, are thermally immobilized on glass discs. The effectiveness of various treatment variables was assessed through a Central Composite Design (CCD), guided by a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model. <b>Results:</b> The RSM analysis reveals that the linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of the counter-rotational movements significantly influence the efficiency of dye and COD removal. The RSM model yields coefficients of determination (R²) values of 0.9758 and 0.9765 for the predictive models of dye and COD removal, respectively. Optimized parameters for dye removal include a pH of 6.05, disc rotation speed of 22.35 rpm, initial dye concentration of 3.15 × 10^-5 M, residence time of 7.98 h, and the number of nanoparticle layers set at 3.99, resulting in 96.63% dye removal and 65.81% COD removal under optimal conditions. <b>Discussion:</b> Notably, the reactor demonstrates potential for efficient treatment within a near-neutral pH range, which could reduce costs and resource use by eliminating the need for pH adjustments. The implementation of discs rotating in opposite directions marks a significant advancement in the process of dye removal.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242025-04-19T08:51:40.715Z2025-04-19T08:51:40.715ZS-EPMC109203573846460310.3389/fchem.2024.1335180