{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Mecha J"],"funding":["NICHD NIH HHS","NCATS NIH HHS","NIAID NIH HHS","FIC NIH HHS","NIH HHS"],"pagination":["250-256"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10922277"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["43(3)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>The effect of maternal HIV on infant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection risk is not well-characterized.<h4>Methods</h4>Pregnant women with/without HIV and their infants were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort in Kenya. Mothers had interferon gamma-release assays (QFT-Plus) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) at enrollment in pregnancy; children underwent TST at 12 and 24 months of age. We estimated the incidence and correlates of infant TST-positivity using Cox proportional hazards regression.<h4>Results</h4>Among 322 infants, 170 (53%) were HIV-exposed and 152 (47%) were HIV-unexposed. Median enrollment age was 6.6 weeks [interquartile range (IQR): 6.1-10.0]; most received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (320, 99%). Thirty-nine (12%) mothers were TST-positive; 102 (32%) were QFT-Plus-positive. Among HIV-exposed infants, 154 (95%) received antiretrovirals for HIV prevention and 141 (83%) of their mothers ever received isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Cumulative 24-month infant Mtb infection incidence was 3.6/100 person-years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-5.5/100 PY]; 5.4/100 PY in HIV-exposed infants (10%, 17/170) versus 1.7/100 PY in HIV-unexposed infants (3.3%, 5/152) [hazard ratio (HR): 3.1 (95% CI: 1.2-8.5)]. More TST conversions occurred in the first versus second year of life [5.8 vs. 2.0/100 PY; HR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.0-10.1)]. Infant TST-positivity was associated with maternal TST-positivity [HR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.1-7.4)], but not QFT-Plus-positivity. Among HIV-exposed children, Mtb infection incidence was similar regardless of maternal IPT.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mtb infection incidence (by TST) by 24 months of age was ~3-fold higher among HIV-exposed children, despite high maternal IPT uptake. Overall, more TST conversions occurred in the first 12 months compared to 12-24 months of age, similar in both HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children."],"journal":["The Pediatric infectious disease journal"],"pubmed_title":["Maternal HIV Status and Risk of Infant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection as Measured by Tuberculin Skin Test."],"pmcid":["PMC10922277"],"funding_grant_id":["P30 AI168034","K23 AI120793","R01 AI142647","R21 HD098746","UL1TR000423","D43 TW011817","UL1 TR000423"],"pubmed_authors":["Matemo D","Escudero JN","LaCourse SM","Mecha J","Kinuthia J","John-Stewart G","Richardson BA","Maleche-Obimbo E"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Maternal HIV Status and Risk of Infant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection as Measured by Tuberculin Skin Test.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>The effect of maternal HIV on infant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection risk is not well-characterized.<h4>Methods</h4>Pregnant women with/without HIV and their infants were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort in Kenya. Mothers had interferon gamma-release assays (QFT-Plus) and tuberculin skin tests (TST) at enrollment in pregnancy; children underwent TST at 12 and 24 months of age. We estimated the incidence and correlates of infant TST-positivity using Cox proportional hazards regression.<h4>Results</h4>Among 322 infants, 170 (53%) were HIV-exposed and 152 (47%) were HIV-unexposed. Median enrollment age was 6.6 weeks [interquartile range (IQR): 6.1-10.0]; most received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (320, 99%). Thirty-nine (12%) mothers were TST-positive; 102 (32%) were QFT-Plus-positive. Among HIV-exposed infants, 154 (95%) received antiretrovirals for HIV prevention and 141 (83%) of their mothers ever received isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Cumulative 24-month infant Mtb infection incidence was 3.6/100 person-years (PY) [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-5.5/100 PY]; 5.4/100 PY in HIV-exposed infants (10%, 17/170) versus 1.7/100 PY in HIV-unexposed infants (3.3%, 5/152) [hazard ratio (HR): 3.1 (95% CI: 1.2-8.5)]. More TST conversions occurred in the first versus second year of life [5.8 vs. 2.0/100 PY; HR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.0-10.1)]. Infant TST-positivity was associated with maternal TST-positivity [HR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.1-7.4)], but not QFT-Plus-positivity. Among HIV-exposed children, Mtb infection incidence was similar regardless of maternal IPT.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mtb infection incidence (by TST) by 24 months of age was ~3-fold higher among HIV-exposed children, despite high maternal IPT uptake. Overall, more TST conversions occurred in the first 12 months compared to 12-24 months of age, similar in both HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Mar","modification":"2025-04-18T21:19:01.484Z","creation":"2025-04-07T09:15:24.065Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10922277","cross_references":{"pubmed":["37991383"],"doi":["10.1097/inf.0000000000004190","10.1097/INF.0000000000004190"]}}