biostudies-literatureNguyen DDNHLBI NIH HHSe010116https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10923150biostudies-literatureUnknown17(2)<h4>Background</h4>Prompt initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the association between delays in bystander CPR and OHCA survival is poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>In this observational study using a nationally representative US registry, we identified patients who received bystander CPR from a layperson for a witnessed OHCA from 2013 to 2021. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the association between time to CPR (<1 minute versus 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and ≥10-minute intervals) and survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological survival (survival to discharge with cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 [ie, without severe neurological disability]).<h4>Results</h4>Of 78 048 patients with a witnessed OHCA treated with bystander CPR, the mean age was 63.5±15.7 years and 25, 197 (32.3%) were women. The median time to bystander CPR was 2 (1-5) minutes, with 10% of patients having a≥10-minute delay before initiation of CPR. Overall, 15 000 (19.2%) patients survived to hospital discharge and 13 159 (16.9%) had favorable neurological survival. There was a graded inverse relationship between time to bystander CPR and survival to hospital discharge (<i>P</i> for trend <0.001). Compared with patients who received CPR within 1 minute, those with a time to CPR of 2 to 3 minutes were 9% less likely to survive to discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]) and those with a time to CPR 4 to 5 minutes were 27% less likely to survive (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.68-0.77]). A similar graded inverse relationship was found between time to bystander CPR and favorable neurological survival (<i>P</i> for trend <0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Among patients with witnessed OHCA, there was a dose-response relationship between delays in bystander initiation of CPR and lower survival rates.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomesAssociation Between Delays in Time to Bystander CPR and Survival for Witnessed Cardiac Arrest in the United States.PMC10923150T32 HL110837R01 HL160734Uzendu AINguyen DDChan PSSpertus JAGupta KMcNally BFKennedy KFfalseAssociation Between Delays in Time to Bystander CPR and Survival for Witnessed Cardiac Arrest in the United States.<h4>Background</h4>Prompt initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the association between delays in bystander CPR and OHCA survival is poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>In this observational study using a nationally representative US registry, we identified patients who received bystander CPR from a layperson for a witnessed OHCA from 2013 to 2021. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate the association between time to CPR (<1 minute versus 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and ≥10-minute intervals) and survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurological survival (survival to discharge with cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 [ie, without severe neurological disability]).<h4>Results</h4>Of 78 048 patients with a witnessed OHCA treated with bystander CPR, the mean age was 63.5±15.7 years and 25, 197 (32.3%) were women. The median time to bystander CPR was 2 (1-5) minutes, with 10% of patients having a≥10-minute delay before initiation of CPR. Overall, 15 000 (19.2%) patients survived to hospital discharge and 13 159 (16.9%) had favorable neurological survival. There was a graded inverse relationship between time to bystander CPR and survival to hospital discharge (<i>P</i> for trend <0.001). Compared with patients who received CPR within 1 minute, those with a time to CPR of 2 to 3 minutes were 9% less likely to survive to discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]) and those with a time to CPR 4 to 5 minutes were 27% less likely to survive (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.68-0.77]). A similar graded inverse relationship was found between time to bystander CPR and favorable neurological survival (<i>P</i> for trend <0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Among patients with witnessed OHCA, there was a dose-response relationship between delays in bystander initiation of CPR and lower survival rates.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Feb2025-04-05T10:19:38.157Z2025-04-05T10:19:38.157ZS-EPMC109231503814666310.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.01011610.1161/circoutcomes.123.010116