{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["3"],"submitter":["Pullock DA"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Introduction</h4>Temperature fluctuations are important for the distribution and survival of insects. Rapid hardening, a type of phenotypic plasticity, is an adaptation that can help individuals better tolerate lethal temperatures because of earlier exposure to a sublethal but stressful temperature. Nutrition and sex are also known to influence a species ability to tolerate thermal stress. This study determined the effects of larval diet, adult diet, sex and hardening on the thermal tolerance of <i>Ceratitis cosyra</i> (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at lower and upper lethal temperatures.<h4>Methods</h4>Larvae were raised on either an 8% torula yeast (high) or a 1% torula yeast (low) larval diet and then introduced to one of three dietary regimes as adults for thermal tolerance and hardening assays: no adult diet, sugar only, or sugar and hydrolysed yeast diet. Flies of known weight were then either heat- or cold-hardened for 2 hours before being exposed to a potentially lethal high or low temperature, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Both nutrition and hardening as well as their interaction affected <i>C. cosyra</i> tolerance of stressful temperatures. However, this interaction was dependent on the type of stress, with nutrient restriction and possible adult dietary compensation resulting in improved cold temperature resistance only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The ability of the insect to both compensate for a low protein larval diet and undergo rapid cold hardening after a brief exposure to sublethal cold temperatures even when both the larva and the subsequent adult fed on low protein diets indicates that <i>C. cosyra</i> have a better chance of survival in environments with extreme temperature variability, particularly at low temperatures. However, there appears to be limitations to the ability of <i>C. cosyra</i> to cold harden and the species may be more at risk from long term chronic effects than from any exposure to acute thermal stress."],"journal":["Frontiers in insect science"],"pagination":["1122161"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10926529"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Larval and adult diet affect phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance of the marula fly, <i>Ceratitis cosyra</i> (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)."],"pmcid":["PMC10926529"],"pubmed_authors":["Manrakhan A","Pullock DA","Malod K","Weldon CW"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Larval and adult diet affect phenotypic plasticity in thermal tolerance of the marula fly, <i>Ceratitis cosyra</i> (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae).","description":"<h4>Introduction</h4>Temperature fluctuations are important for the distribution and survival of insects. Rapid hardening, a type of phenotypic plasticity, is an adaptation that can help individuals better tolerate lethal temperatures because of earlier exposure to a sublethal but stressful temperature. Nutrition and sex are also known to influence a species ability to tolerate thermal stress. This study determined the effects of larval diet, adult diet, sex and hardening on the thermal tolerance of <i>Ceratitis cosyra</i> (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at lower and upper lethal temperatures.<h4>Methods</h4>Larvae were raised on either an 8% torula yeast (high) or a 1% torula yeast (low) larval diet and then introduced to one of three dietary regimes as adults for thermal tolerance and hardening assays: no adult diet, sugar only, or sugar and hydrolysed yeast diet. Flies of known weight were then either heat- or cold-hardened for 2 hours before being exposed to a potentially lethal high or low temperature, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Both nutrition and hardening as well as their interaction affected <i>C. cosyra</i> tolerance of stressful temperatures. However, this interaction was dependent on the type of stress, with nutrient restriction and possible adult dietary compensation resulting in improved cold temperature resistance only.<h4>Discussion</h4>The ability of the insect to both compensate for a low protein larval diet and undergo rapid cold hardening after a brief exposure to sublethal cold temperatures even when both the larva and the subsequent adult fed on low protein diets indicates that <i>C. cosyra</i> have a better chance of survival in environments with extreme temperature variability, particularly at low temperatures. However, there appears to be limitations to the ability of <i>C. cosyra</i> to cold harden and the species may be more at risk from long term chronic effects than from any exposure to acute thermal stress.","dates":{"release":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2023","modification":"2026-06-23T03:18:53.733Z","creation":"2025-04-04T21:31:15.197Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10926529","cross_references":{"pubmed":["38469504"],"doi":["10.3389/finsc.2023.1122161"]}}