biostudies-literaturePadrela BNew Zealand Dementia Prevention TrustNCATS NIH HHSFWO in Belgium, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) in Canada, BMBFJoint Programme on Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchDEBBIEZonMwNational Medical Research CouncilThe Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyNetherlands Organisation for health Research and DevelopmentVIDINIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer ResearchHeart Foundationthe National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of HealthEuropean UnionEU Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchResearch Council of Norwaye081635https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10928768biostudies-literatureUnknown14(3)<h4>Introduction</h4>Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is hypothesised to be one of the earliest microvascular signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing BBB integrity imaging methods involve contrast agents or ionising radiation, and pose limitations in terms of cost and logistics. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI has been recently adapted to map the BBB permeability non-invasively. The DEveloping BBB-ASL as a non-Invasive Early biomarker (DEBBIE) consortium aims to develop this modified ASL-MRI technique for patient-specific and robust BBB permeability assessments. This article outlines the study design of the DEBBIE cohorts focused on investigating the potential of BBB-ASL as an early biomarker for AD (DEBBIE-AD).<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>DEBBIE-AD consists of aBMJ openDeveloping blood-brain barrier arterial spin labelling as a non-invasive early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (DEBBIE-AD): a prospective observational multicohort study protocol.PMC10928768JPND2020-568-106N/A325415091501719100UL1 TR00186003-004-2020-T049#121N03082566410510032120006173743TL1 TR00186101ED2107A-0006310-00-00WE.03-2021-04van de Giessen EMMuller MNordhoy WGunther MHilal SBeun SClement PThomas DLBarkhof FBrandt MHuber JPadrela BMahroo ASneve MHTijms BMCawston EEMoyaert PKuijer JPAEickel Kde Leeuw DBuck MAWalhovd KAchten EZhu YDWiersinga JMorgan CKonstandin SOzturk-Isik ERikken RGeier OLinn JTee MAnazodo UTippett LSelnes PPetr JFjell ABjornerud APalhaugen LGrydeland HHoinkiss DCFladby TMutsaerts HJMMfalseDeveloping blood-brain barrier arterial spin labelling as a non-invasive early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (DEBBIE-AD): a prospective observational multicohort study protocol.<h4>Introduction</h4>Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is hypothesised to be one of the earliest microvascular signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing BBB integrity imaging methods involve contrast agents or ionising radiation, and pose limitations in terms of cost and logistics. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion MRI has been recently adapted to map the BBB permeability non-invasively. The DEveloping BBB-ASL as a non-Invasive Early biomarker (DEBBIE) consortium aims to develop this modified ASL-MRI technique for patient-specific and robust BBB permeability assessments. This article outlines the study design of the DEBBIE cohorts focused on investigating the potential of BBB-ASL as an early biomarker for AD (DEBBIE-AD).<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>DEBBIE-AD consists of a2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2026-07-14T22:09:51.768Z2025-04-04T21:30:58.669ZS-EPMC109287683845878510.1136/bmjopen-2023-081635