{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Qiu X"],"funding":["NIEHS NIH HHS"],"pagination":["962-970"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10937330"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["54(5)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Early-life stressful experiences are associated with increased risk of adverse psychological outcomes in later life. However, much less is known about associations between early-life positive experiences, such as participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and late-life mental health. We investigated whether greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities in early life is associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety in late life.<h4>Methods</h4>We surveyed former participants of the St. Louis Baby Tooth study, between 22 June 2021 and 25 March 2022 to collect information on participants' current depression/anxiety symptoms and their early-life activities (<i>N</i> = 2187 responded). A composite activity score was created to represent the early-life activity level by averaging the frequency of self-reported participation in common cognitively stimulating activities in participants' early life (age 6, 12, 18), each rated on a 1 (least frequent) to 5 (most frequent) point scale. Depression/anxiety symptoms were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7). We used logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of outcome risk associated with frequency of early-life activity.<h4>Results</h4>Each one-point increase in the early-life composite cognitive activity score was associated with an OR of 0.54 (95% CI 0.38-0.77) for late-life depression and an OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.61-1.43) for late-life anxiety, adjusting for age, sex, race, parental education, childhood family structure, and socioeconomic status.<h4>Conclusions</h4>More frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities during early life was associated with reduced risk of late-life depression."],"journal":["Psychological medicine"],"pubmed_title":["Early-life participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of depression and anxiety in late life."],"pmcid":["PMC10937330"],"funding_grant_id":["P42 ES030990","R01 ES031943"],"pubmed_authors":["Qiu X","McAlaine K","Quan L","Robert AL","Mangano J","Weisskopf MG"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Early-life participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of depression and anxiety in late life.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Early-life stressful experiences are associated with increased risk of adverse psychological outcomes in later life. However, much less is known about associations between early-life positive experiences, such as participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and late-life mental health. We investigated whether greater engagement in cognitively stimulating activities in early life is associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety in late life.<h4>Methods</h4>We surveyed former participants of the St. Louis Baby Tooth study, between 22 June 2021 and 25 March 2022 to collect information on participants' current depression/anxiety symptoms and their early-life activities (<i>N</i> = 2187 responded). A composite activity score was created to represent the early-life activity level by averaging the frequency of self-reported participation in common cognitively stimulating activities in participants' early life (age 6, 12, 18), each rated on a 1 (least frequent) to 5 (most frequent) point scale. Depression/anxiety symptoms were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7). We used logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of outcome risk associated with frequency of early-life activity.<h4>Results</h4>Each one-point increase in the early-life composite cognitive activity score was associated with an OR of 0.54 (95% CI 0.38-0.77) for late-life depression and an OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.61-1.43) for late-life anxiety, adjusting for age, sex, race, parental education, childhood family structure, and socioeconomic status.<h4>Conclusions</h4>More frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities during early life was associated with reduced risk of late-life depression.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Apr","modification":"2026-05-29T09:29:38.625Z","creation":"2026-04-08T04:07:29.13Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10937330","cross_references":{"pubmed":["37706289"],"doi":["10.1017/S0033291723002702","10.1017/s0033291723002702"]}}