biostudies-literatureCoelho LEFrench National AgencyANRS MIENIAID NIH HHSBrazilian Ministry of HealthMerck Sharp Dohme-Chibretofae035https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10939434biostudies-literatureUnknown11(3)<h4>Background</h4>After antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, people with HIV (PWH) treated for tuberculosis (TB) may develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Integrase inhibitors, by providing a faster HIV-RNA decline than efavirenz, might increase the risk for this complication. We sought to assess incidence and determinants of TB-IRIS in PWH with TB on raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a secondary analysis of the Reflate TB 2 trial, which randomized ART-naive PWH on standard TB treatment, to receive raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. The primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of TB-IRIS. Incidence rate ratio comparing TB-IRIS incidence in each arm was calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare TBOpen forum infectious diseasesIncidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis-associated IRIS in People With HIV Treated for Tuberculosis: Findings From Reflate TB2 Randomized Trial.PMC10939434ANRS 12300UM1 AI069476Laureillard DChau GDCardoso SWVeloso VGCoelho LEEscada REholie SDe Castro NMolina JMMessou EGrinsztejn BMarcy OChazallon CTimana IKhosa CN'takpe JBDelaugerre CfalseIncidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis-associated IRIS in People With HIV Treated for Tuberculosis: Findings From Reflate TB2 Randomized Trial.<h4>Background</h4>After antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, people with HIV (PWH) treated for tuberculosis (TB) may develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Integrase inhibitors, by providing a faster HIV-RNA decline than efavirenz, might increase the risk for this complication. We sought to assess incidence and determinants of TB-IRIS in PWH with TB on raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a secondary analysis of the Reflate TB 2 trial, which randomized ART-naive PWH on standard TB treatment, to receive raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. The primary objective was to evaluate the incidence of TB-IRIS. Incidence rate ratio comparing TB-IRIS incidence in each arm was calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare TB2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2026-07-16T04:16:18.653Z2026-07-09T10:38:26.885ZS-EPMC109394343848681610.1093/ofid/ofae035