biostudies-literatureYuan YNational Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)60https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10940682biostudies-literatureUnknown9(1)Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in response to complex external stimuli and internal changes. Among these, protein lipidations which refer to lipid attachment to proteins are prominent, which primarily encompassing five types including S-palmitoylation, N-myristoylation, S-prenylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and cholesterylation. Lipid attachment to proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of protein trafficking, localisation, stability, conformation, interactions and signal transduction by enhancing hydrophobicity. Accumulating evidence from genetic, structural, and biomedical studies has consistently shown that protein lipidation is pivotal in the regulation of broad physiological functions and is iSignal transduction and targeted therapyProtein lipidation in health and disease: molecular basis, physiological function and pathological implication.PMC10940682No.82073095Li JZhao QHe XLi PChang YYuan YfalseProtein lipidation in health and disease: molecular basis, physiological function and pathological implication.Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in response to complex external stimuli and internal changes. Among these, protein lipidations which refer to lipid attachment to proteins are prominent, which primarily encompassing five types including S-palmitoylation, N-myristoylation, S-prenylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and cholesterylation. Lipid attachment to proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of protein trafficking, localisation, stability, conformation, interactions and signal transduction by enhancing hydrophobicity. Accumulating evidence from genetic, structural, and biomedical studies has consistently shown that protein lipidation is pivotal in the regulation of broad physiological functions and is i2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2025-04-19T22:01:40.455Z2025-04-19T22:01:40.455ZS-EPMC109406823848593810.1038/s41392-024-01759-7