biostudies-literatureUnknown5(3)Wang SJerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a global multifunctional crop. It has wide applications in the food, health, feed, and biofuel industries and in ecological protection; it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, biological studies of Jerusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences, and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly. Here, we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome, which comprises 17 homologous groups, each with 6 pseudochromosomes. We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower, and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Plant communications100767https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10943552biostudies-literatureHaplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome of hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke provides insights into its origin, evolution, and inulin metabolism.PMC10943552Liu HQian WFan WWang AJiang FWang SXu DWang HChen RfalseHaplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome of hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke provides insights into its origin, evolution, and inulin metabolism.Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a global multifunctional crop. It has wide applications in the food, health, feed, and biofuel industries and in ecological protection; it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, biological studies of Jerusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences, and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly. Here, we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome, which comprises 17 homologous groups, each with 6 pseudochromosomes. We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower, and our results show that the hexaploid genome of 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2026-05-26T20:01:37.448Z2025-04-19T22:01:57.539ZS-EPMC109435523797440310.1016/j.xplc.2023.100767