biostudies-literatureDeng YSpecial Funds of Scientific and Technological Innovation for Carbon Peak and Neutrality in Jiangsu ProvinceYouth Innovation Promotion Association of CASNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSecond Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Programycae032https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10960969biostudies-literatureUnknown4(1)Methane (CH₄), an important greenhouse gas, significantly impacts the local and global climate. Our study focused on the composition and activity of methanotrophs residing in the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, a hotspot for climate change research. Based on the field survey, the family <i>Methylomonadaceae</i> had a much higher relative abundance in freshwater lakes than in brackish and saline lakes, accounting for ~92% of total aerobic methanotrophs. Using the microcosm sediment incubation with ¹³CH₄ followed by high throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, we further demonstrated that the family <i>Methylomonadaceae</i> was actively oxidizing CH₄. Moreover, various methylotrophs, such as the genera <i>Methylotenera</i> and <i>MethylophiluISME communications<i>Methylomonadaceae</i> was the active and dominant methanotroph in Tibet lake sediments.PMC10960969BK20220015414010752019QZKK0503U2102216201427341971077922513042021QZKK0100Liang CPan HTao YChen LXun FZhu XDeng YXing Pfalse<i>Methylomonadaceae</i> was the active and dominant methanotroph in Tibet lake sediments.Methane (CH₄), an important greenhouse gas, significantly impacts the local and global climate. Our study focused on the composition and activity of methanotrophs residing in the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, a hotspot for climate change research. Based on the field survey, the family <i>Methylomonadaceae</i> had a much higher relative abundance in freshwater lakes than in brackish and saline lakes, accounting for ~92% of total aerobic methanotrophs. Using the microcosm sediment incubation with ¹³CH₄ followed by high throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis, we further demonstrated that the family <i>Methylomonadaceae</i> was actively oxidizing CH₄. Moreover, various methylotrophs, such as the genera <i>Methylotenera</i> and <i>Methylophilu2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jan2025-04-26T12:06:31.167Z2024-11-13T04:46:53.647ZS-EPMC109609693852476410.1093/ismeco/ycae032