biostudies-literatureUnknown14(15)Buchele WRESynthesis and characterization of the first two cyclic ethylene-bridged tetradentate NHC ligands, with an unsaturated (imidazole) and saturated backbone (2-imidazoline), are described. Complexes of both ligands containing palladium(ii) have been obtained. For platinum(ii) and gold(iii), only the unsaturated tetracarbene complexes could be isolated. The attempts to synthesize a methylene-bridged 2-imidazoline macrocycle are also described. Furthermore, a novel bisimidazolinium ligand precursor and its open-chain Pd^II and Pt^II tetracarbene complexes are obtained. Finally, it is shown that the unsaturated gold(iii) tetracarbene is able to induce apoptosis in malignant SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells <i>via</i> the mitochondrial and ROS pathway and overcomes resistance to cisplatin <i>in vitro</i>.RSC advances10244-10254https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10967698biostudies-literatureSynthesis, characterization, and biomedical evaluation of ethylene-bridged tetra-NHC Pd(ii), Pt(ii) and Au(iii) complexes, with apoptosis-inducing properties in cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cells.PMC10967698Sauer MJProkop ABuchele WREGebendorfer ALKuhn FEPamperin JRichter LFSchlachta TPfalseSynthesis, characterization, and biomedical evaluation of ethylene-bridged tetra-NHC Pd(ii), Pt(ii) and Au(iii) complexes, with apoptosis-inducing properties in cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cells.Synthesis and characterization of the first two cyclic ethylene-bridged tetradentate NHC ligands, with an unsaturated (imidazole) and saturated backbone (2-imidazoline), are described. Complexes of both ligands containing palladium(ii) have been obtained. For platinum(ii) and gold(iii), only the unsaturated tetracarbene complexes could be isolated. The attempts to synthesize a methylene-bridged 2-imidazoline macrocycle are also described. Furthermore, a novel bisimidazolinium ligand precursor and its open-chain Pd^II and Pt^II tetracarbene complexes are obtained. Finally, it is shown that the unsaturated gold(iii) tetracarbene is able to induce apoptosis in malignant SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells <i>via</i> the mitochondrial and ROS pathway and overcomes resistance to cisplatin <i>in vitro</i>.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2025-04-04T23:53:48.407Z2025-04-04T23:53:48.407ZS-EPMC109676983854494410.1039/d4ra01195c