biostudies-literatureTarres-Freixas FCERCA ProgramInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades298https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10975260biostudies-literatureUnknown12(3)The development of HIV prophylactic vaccines is facing an impasse, since all phase IIb/III clinical trials were halted in 2023 without demonstrating efficacy. Thus, the field is in need of developing novel immunogens and vaccination strategies that induce broadly neutralising antibodies together with potent Fc-dependent effector functions, as well as protective cross-reactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses. Nucleic acid vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, have been one of the major groundbreaking advances in the current decade. Nucleic acid vaccines may help recalibrate the HIV vaccine field towards the use of delivery systems that allow the proper expression of immunogens as a sole antigen (i.e., membrane-bound trimeric envelope glycoproteins) or even to be displayVaccinesNucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Proteins and Virus-like Particles for HIV Prevention.PMC10975260PID2022-139831OB-I00PI20/000932021 SGR 00452PI/23/01269Tarres-Freixas FClotet BCarrillo JBlanco JfalseNucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Proteins and Virus-like Particles for HIV Prevention.The development of HIV prophylactic vaccines is facing an impasse, since all phase IIb/III clinical trials were halted in 2023 without demonstrating efficacy. Thus, the field is in need of developing novel immunogens and vaccination strategies that induce broadly neutralising antibodies together with potent Fc-dependent effector functions, as well as protective cross-reactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses. Nucleic acid vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, have been one of the major groundbreaking advances in the current decade. Nucleic acid vaccines may help recalibrate the HIV vaccine field towards the use of delivery systems that allow the proper expression of immunogens as a sole antigen (i.e., membrane-bound trimeric envelope glycoproteins) or even to be display2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2025-04-21T21:30:13.765Z2025-04-05T18:21:20.081ZS-EPMC109752603854393210.3390/vaccines12030298