biostudies-literatureYang FBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)Bundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)66https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10978924biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) materials exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), which likely relates to non-metallic material constituents formed in transitions between the oxidized and the reduced material. In time-resolved operando experiment, we track the structural dynamics of copper oxide reduction and its re-formation separately in the bulk of the catalyst material and at its surface using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Surface-species transformations progress within seconds whereas the subsurface (bulk) processes unfold within minutes. Evidence is presented that electroreduction of OD-Cu foams results in kinetic trapping of subsurface (bulk) oxide species, especiallCommunications chemistryDynamics of bulk and surface oxide evolution in copper foams for electrochemical CO₂ reduction.PMC10978924RO 2454/25-105K22KE1DA 402/9-1Haumann MJiang SLiu SRoth CDau HYang FBeyer PMebs SfalseDynamics of bulk and surface oxide evolution in copper foams for electrochemical CO₂ reduction.Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) materials exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), which likely relates to non-metallic material constituents formed in transitions between the oxidized and the reduced material. In time-resolved operando experiment, we track the structural dynamics of copper oxide reduction and its re-formation separately in the bulk of the catalyst material and at its surface using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Surface-species transformations progress within seconds whereas the subsurface (bulk) processes unfold within minutes. Evidence is presented that electroreduction of OD-Cu foams results in kinetic trapping of subsurface (bulk) oxide species, especiall2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Mar2025-04-22T21:32:21.807Z2025-04-06T03:34:36.592ZS-EPMC109789243854889510.1038/s42004-024-01151-0