{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Pratt CJ"],"funding":["National Science Foundation (NSF)","National Science Foundation"],"pagination":["2714"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10978972"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["15(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence in mammals is well documented, evidence for their occurrence in non-mammalian hosts is currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys of AGF in tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% of sequences in most samples. Representatives of all genera were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, deep-branching position in the AGF tree for these genera, with an evolutionary divergence time estimate of 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push the establishment of animal-Neocallimastigomycota symbiosis from the late to the early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity for plant polysaccharides metabolism and lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed curtailed degradation capacities and reduced CAZyme repertoire is driven by the paucity of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in T-AGF genomes, compared to their mammalian counterparts. This reduced capacity was reflected in an altered cellulosomal production capacity in T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into the phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, evolutionary history, evolution of fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, and dynamics of genes acquisition in Neocallimastigomycota."],"journal":["Nature communications"],"pubmed_title":["Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution."],"pmcid":["PMC10978972"],"funding_grant_id":["2029478"],"pubmed_authors":["Jones AL","Jackson DK","England EE","Hartson S","Meili CH","Pratt CJ","Rogers J","Wang Y","Youssef NH","Elshahed MS"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution.","description":"Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence in mammals is well documented, evidence for their occurrence in non-mammalian hosts is currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys of AGF in tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% of sequences in most samples. Representatives of all genera were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, deep-branching position in the AGF tree for these genera, with an evolutionary divergence time estimate of 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push the establishment of animal-Neocallimastigomycota symbiosis from the late to the early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity for plant polysaccharides metabolism and lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed curtailed degradation capacities and reduced CAZyme repertoire is driven by the paucity of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in T-AGF genomes, compared to their mammalian counterparts. This reduced capacity was reflected in an altered cellulosomal production capacity in T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into the phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, evolutionary history, evolution of fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, and dynamics of genes acquisition in Neocallimastigomycota.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Mar","modification":"2025-04-22T21:29:16.185Z","creation":"2025-04-06T03:35:22.756Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10978972","cross_references":{"pubmed":["38548766"],"doi":["10.1038/s41467-024-47047-4"]}}