biostudies-literatureKapoor ANIA NIH HHS402-409https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11014765biostudies-literatureUnknown30(4)<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to develop neuropsychological norms for older Asian Americans with English as a primary or secondary language, using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC).<h4>Method</h4>A normative sample of Asian American participants was derived from the NACC database using robust criteria: participants were cognitively unimpaired at baseline (i.e., no MCI or dementia) and remained cognitively unimpaired at 1-year follow-up. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared between Primary and Secondary English speakers using analyses of variance for continuous measures and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Linear regression models compared neuropsychological performance between the groups, adjusting for demographics (age, sex, and education). Regression models were developed for clinical application to compute demographically adjusted <i>z</i>-scores.<h4>Results</h4>Secondary English speakers were younger than Primary English speakers (<i>p</i> < .001). There were significant differences between the groups on measures of mental status (Mini-Mental State Examination, <i>p</i> = .002), attention (Trail Making Test A, Digit Span Forward Total Score, <i>p</i> <.001), language (Boston Naming Test, Animal Fluency, Vegetable Fluency, <i>p</i> < .001), and executive function (Trail Making Test B, <i>p</i> = .02).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Separate normative data are needed for Primary vs. Secondary English speakers from Asian American backgrounds. We provide normative data on older Asian Americans to enable clinicians to account for English use in the interpretation of neuropsychological assessment scores.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINSRobust reference group normative data for neuropsychological tests accounting for primary language use in Asian American older adults.PMC11014765P30 AG053760P50 AG005146P50 AG005142P30 AG066518P50 AG047266P20 AG068053P30 AG019610P30 AG066444P30 AG072958P30 AG072959P50 AG008702P30 AG010124P30 AG012300P50 AG047270P30 AG010161P30 AG066546P30 AG049638U24 AG072122P20 AG068024R01 AG060049P30 AG072947P30 AG013846P30 AG028383P30 AG008017P30 AG010133P01 AG052350P50 AG033514P50 AG005681P30 AG072980P50 AG047366P20 AG068077P30 AG072976P50 AG023501P30 AG008051P30 AG010129P30 AG013854P50 AG005138P50 AG005134P50 AG025688P50 AG005136P30 AG035982P50 AG005131P50 AG005133P30 AG066530P50 AG016574P20 AG068082R01 AG082073R01 AG064228P50 AG016573Ho JKKapoor ANation DAJang JYfalseRobust reference group normative data for neuropsychological tests accounting for primary language use in Asian American older adults.<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to develop neuropsychological norms for older Asian Americans with English as a primary or secondary language, using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC).<h4>Method</h4>A normative sample of Asian American participants was derived from the NACC database using robust criteria: participants were cognitively unimpaired at baseline (i.e., no MCI or dementia) and remained cognitively unimpaired at 1-year follow-up. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared between Primary and Secondary English speakers using analyses of variance for continuous measures and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Linear regression models compared neuropsychological performance between the groups, adjusting for demographics (age, sex, and education). Regression models were developed for clinical application to compute demographically adjusted <i>z</i>-scores.<h4>Results</h4>Secondary English speakers were younger than Primary English speakers (<i>p</i> < .001). There were significant differences between the groups on measures of mental status (Mini-Mental State Examination, <i>p</i> = .002), attention (Trail Making Test A, Digit Span Forward Total Score, <i>p</i> <.001), language (Boston Naming Test, Animal Fluency, Vegetable Fluency, <i>p</i> < .001), and executive function (Trail Making Test B, <i>p</i> = .02).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Separate normative data are needed for Primary vs. Secondary English speakers from Asian American backgrounds. We provide normative data on older Asian Americans to enable clinicians to account for English use in the interpretation of neuropsychological assessment scores.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 May2026-05-03T03:24:59.12Z2026-04-07T18:47:23.589ZS-EPMC110147653842530310.1017/s135561772300075910.1017/S1355617723000759