biostudies-literaturePatel VCNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)265https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11022376biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)<h4>Background</h4>Liver disease is within the top five causes of premature death in adults. Deaths caused by complications of cirrhosis continue to rise, whilst deaths related to other non-liver disease areas are declining. Portal hypertension is the primary sequelae of cirrhosis and is associated with the development of variceal haemorrhage, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and infection, collectively termed hepatic decompensation, which leads to hospitalisation and mortality. It remains uncertain whether administering a non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB), specifically carvedilol, at an earlier stage, i.e. when oesophageal varices are small, can prevent VH and reduce all-cause decompensation (ACD).<h4>Methods/design</h4>The BOPPP trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo-controlled, triplTrialsBeta-blockers or Placebo for Primary Prophylaxis (BOPPP) of oesophageal varices: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.PMC1102237617/32/04Naylor SHudson BEastgate CBurge TPhiri EBiju AWilliams AAustin APelaez CJFinlay LPerryman ALanoria MAhmed HJames MMbama WJames RHughes SBhalme MWright GWright JDale SBritton EDixon LPatel JJafari HWalling CWalker LHall JCraig DYaziji NWoghiren AMcMeeken FThapa DKotha SLe Boutillier CCosgrove LNurun THenderson JMcPhail MJZitter LHe ZWilce ARyan JDavies ERice DPayaniandy LRajkumar IPegler SLloyd AMiller MSieberhagen CAlabsawy ECheent KDhar AHenderson TCorless LHutchinson JStoner EZhao XUnitt EKent MThomas SCamp JSummers LShariff MKelly JHassadin YAddleton CBird GBooth SBlackmore LCipinova ZCrasta SGrout MTsintikidis CGess MWebb GSmolen SVileito ADuncan ABravo PAppanna GPatel VCMcKenna EWilson ANapier DFoley SSelvapatt NMcCorry RKingsbury APembroke TArmstrong MZeino ZBeckwith APosada AChadwick JNaik KSaleh MBarratt NZamalloa AMurray SElliott JLawther HKumar MCarter BAdebayo DSwann RGoodwin CDaniel JHogg SCramp MBerry PBrooks CPlummer LHill LLi KKUzu HHand JChakrabarty GFowell AShearer JBurke EBurston CAndrews ARFoxton MSinha RCape AHilltout PWatchorn OSharma VPerez FPKhymani SWard CTod JJamil KMukhopadhya ANoon KNweze ALGriffiths NDelo JBOPPP study groupWard LEaves EPericleous MMiyesa BMtuwa SFairlie LBesly KWhitley DSunny AStanley ATregonning JMasson SPerez GBurton JTripathi DLofthouse MCordle JAndrada JJVerma SPenacerrada MUddin REmms HBautista CPalaniyappan NWalsh PLawrence VMansour DAthwal VDas DJoseph MFord ALupton SWickramasinghe DDas APerry SfalseBeta-blockers or Placebo for Primary Prophylaxis (BOPPP) of oesophageal varices: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.<h4>Background</h4>Liver disease is within the top five causes of premature death in adults. Deaths caused by complications of cirrhosis continue to rise, whilst deaths related to other non-liver disease areas are declining. Portal hypertension is the primary sequelae of cirrhosis and is associated with the development of variceal haemorrhage, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and infection, collectively termed hepatic decompensation, which leads to hospitalisation and mortality. It remains uncertain whether administering a non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB), specifically carvedilol, at an earlier stage, i.e. when oesophageal varices are small, can prevent VH and reduce all-cause decompensation (ACD).<h4>Methods/design</h4>The BOPPP trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo-controlled, tripl2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Apr2026-05-29T10:25:45.979Z2026-04-08T04:26:47.946ZS-EPMC110223763862780410.1186/s13063-024-08063-3