biostudies-literatureLachance GCanadian Cancer Society Research Institute (Société Canadienne du Cancer)Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchDiabetes CanadaCanadian Cancer Society Research InstituteW. Garfield Weston Foundation3431https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11039720biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)The gut microbiota modulates response to hormonal treatments in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but whether it influences PCa progression remains unknown. Here, we show a reduction in fecal microbiota alpha-diversity correlating with increase tumour burden in two distinct groups of hormonotherapy naïve PCa patients and three murine PCa models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with high PCa volume is sufficient to stimulate the growth of mouse PCa revealing the existence of a gut microbiome-cancer crosstalk. Analysis of gut microbial-related pathways in mice with aggressive PCa identifies three enzymes responsible for the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Supplementation with LCFA omega-3 MAG-EPA is sufficient to reduce PCa growth in mice and cancer up-gradingNature communicationsThe gut microbiome-prostate cancer crosstalk is modulated by dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids.PMC11039720400345Bouslama SHallal TFeldiorean AEllis LJulien IBLachance GPiccirillo CARobitaille KBoufaied NBergeron AVarin TVGaignier FLaaraj JRaymond FPelletier JFDerome NFradet YLabbe DPGevariya NFradet VXu HWMarette AfalseThe gut microbiome-prostate cancer crosstalk is modulated by dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids.The gut microbiota modulates response to hormonal treatments in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but whether it influences PCa progression remains unknown. Here, we show a reduction in fecal microbiota alpha-diversity correlating with increase tumour burden in two distinct groups of hormonotherapy naïve PCa patients and three murine PCa models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with high PCa volume is sufficient to stimulate the growth of mouse PCa revealing the existence of a gut microbiome-cancer crosstalk. Analysis of gut microbial-related pathways in mice with aggressive PCa identifies three enzymes responsible for the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Supplementation with LCFA omega-3 MAG-EPA is sufficient to reduce PCa growth in mice and cancer up-grading2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Apr2026-06-02T01:42:56.869Z2025-04-06T03:15:32.972ZS-EPMC110397203865401510.1038/s41467-024-45332-w