biostudies-literatureTerletskaya NVMinistry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of KazakhstanScience Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of KazakhstanAsian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO)4738https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11084765biostudies-literatureUnknown25(9)Globally, gall-forming insects significantly contribute to the degradation of desert ecosystems. Recent studies have demonstrated that <i>Haloxylon persicum</i> suffers less damage from gall-formers compared to <i>Haloxylon aphyllum</i>. However, the mechanisms driving the long-term metabolic responses of these species to gall-forming biotic stress in their natural environment remain unclear. The current study comparatively analyzes the anatomical features and metabolomic changes in <i>H. aphyllum</i> and <i>H. persicum</i> damaged by gall-forming insects. This research aimed to uncover potential metabolic tolerance mechanisms through GC-MS analysis. The study findings indicate that gall-forming insects cause a reduction in nearly all the anatomical structures of <i>Haloxylon</i> shoots, wInternational journal of molecular sciencesAnatomical and Metabolome Features of <i>Haloxylon aphyllum</i> and <i>Haloxylon persicum</i> Elucidate the Resilience against Gall-Forming Insects.PMC11084765AFoCO/020/2020BR21882180Mamirova ATerletskaya NVVibe YPAshimuly KKrekova YAfalseAnatomical and Metabolome Features of <i>Haloxylon aphyllum</i> and <i>Haloxylon persicum</i> Elucidate the Resilience against Gall-Forming Insects.Globally, gall-forming insects significantly contribute to the degradation of desert ecosystems. Recent studies have demonstrated that <i>Haloxylon persicum</i> suffers less damage from gall-formers compared to <i>Haloxylon aphyllum</i>. However, the mechanisms driving the long-term metabolic responses of these species to gall-forming biotic stress in their natural environment remain unclear. The current study comparatively analyzes the anatomical features and metabolomic changes in <i>H. aphyllum</i> and <i>H. persicum</i> damaged by gall-forming insects. This research aimed to uncover potential metabolic tolerance mechanisms through GC-MS analysis. The study findings indicate that gall-forming insects cause a reduction in nearly all the anatomical structures of <i>Haloxylon</i> shoots, w2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Apr2026-07-09T13:14:52.337Z2026-07-09T13:10:57.608ZS-EPMC110847653873195710.3390/ijms25094738