biostudies-literatureUnknown72Jin ZC<h4>Background</h4>The role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unconfirmed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without TACE as first-line treatment for advanced HCC.<h4>Methods</h4>This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included advanced HCC patients receiving either TACE with ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (TACE-ICI-VEGF) or only ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (ICI-VEGF) from January 2018 to December 2022. The study design followed the target trial emulation framework with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) toEClinicalMedicine102622https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11090892biostudies-literatureImmune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2201): a target trial emulation study.PMC11090892Zhou JWZhong BYWu QHHuang MGe NJZheng CSHu WHXu ABRen WXShi HBChen TSZhang LZhang YJWang SPeng ZYChen YTeng GJGu SZSu YJXing WGLi QDLei YMHan JJXu JXin YJYuan CWLi XTu QLi HLChen JZLin HLJin ZCLiu XFShi RSZhu KSZhao HTJiang HHuang MSZhao WChen JJXu GHTie JYin GWYang WZZhu XLZhao YHu ZCCHANCE2201 InvestigatorsQi XZhu HDShi BQZhao XYMu WRen ZGZhao HFeng DPHuang JHLv WFDai ZYFan YWu JBShao GLJi FJi FPJi JSDuan XHWang WDZhou XLu ZMNiu HZShao HBWang WJWen SWLi JRLiu RBLi JPCai ZQi XLZhu XYin LNPiao MJfalseImmune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2201): a target trial emulation study.<h4>Background</h4>The role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unconfirmed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without TACE as first-line treatment for advanced HCC.<h4>Methods</h4>This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included advanced HCC patients receiving either TACE with ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (TACE-ICI-VEGF) or only ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (ICI-VEGF) from January 2018 to December 2022. The study design followed the target trial emulation framework with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) to2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jun2026-06-03T04:32:31.59Z2026-04-24T03:09:46.421ZS-EPMC110908923874596510.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102622