biostudies-literatureUnknown33(8)Zhang Q<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (<i>Akk</i>) has recently become popular due to its therapeutic effect on various diseases. However, <i>Akk</i>'s high-density cultivation is difficult due to its anaerobic characteristics. Therefore, <i>Akk</i> was cultured with modified brain-heart infusion (M-BHI) to reach 10<sup>11</sup> CFU/mL. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR determined the metabolites of <i>Akk</i> and validated them by an amino acid analyzer. Compared to the BHI, <i>Akk</i> significantly up-regulated lactate, histidine, fumaric acid, cytidine, threonine, arginine, and hydroxyproline in the M-BHI and significantly down-regulated methionine, trimethylamine, and sarcosine. Regarding pathway enrichment analysis, histidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism mainly regulate differential metabolites. In addition, M-BHI alters the metabolic profile by affecting <i>Akk</i>'s involvement in amino acid metabolism remodeling. Changed metabolites showed that <i>Akk</i> fermentation in M-BHI may play a physiological role in regulating immune homeostasis and reducing risk factors related to diseases. Therefore, M-BHI provides a promising reference for <i>Akk</i> cultivation in future industrial preparation.<h4>Supplementary information</h4>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01492-x.Food science and biotechnology1921-1930https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11091034biostudies-literatureEffects of modified-BHI medium on the growth and metabolites of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>.PMC11091034Chi PLi QZhou FZhou YHe QZhang QZhao HfalseEffects of modified-BHI medium on the growth and metabolites of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>.<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (<i>Akk</i>) has recently become popular due to its therapeutic effect on various diseases. However, <i>Akk</i>'s high-density cultivation is difficult due to its anaerobic characteristics. Therefore, <i>Akk</i> was cultured with modified brain-heart infusion (M-BHI) to reach 10<sup>11</sup> CFU/mL. <sup>1</sup>H-NMR determined the metabolites of <i>Akk</i> and validated them by an amino acid analyzer. Compared to the BHI, <i>Akk</i> significantly up-regulated lactate, histidine, fumaric acid, cytidine, threonine, arginine, and hydroxyproline in the M-BHI and significantly down-regulated methionine, trimethylamine, and sarcosine. Regarding pathway enrichment analysis, histidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism mainly regulate differential metabolites. In addition, M-BHI alters the metabolic profile by affecting <i>Akk</i>'s involvement in amino acid metabolism remodeling. Changed metabolites showed that <i>Akk</i> fermentation in M-BHI may play a physiological role in regulating immune homeostasis and reducing risk factors related to diseases. Therefore, M-BHI provides a promising reference for <i>Akk</i> cultivation in future industrial preparation.<h4>Supplementary information</h4>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01492-x.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jun2025-04-04T01:24:32.661Z2025-04-04T01:24:32.661ZS-EPMC110910343875211010.1007/s10068-023-01492-x