biostudies-literatureUnknown24(6)Dos Santos PCPBill &amp; Melinda Gates FoundationThe Royal Children&apos;s Hospital FoundationMinderoo Foundation<h4>Background</h4>The effectiveness of BCG vaccine for adult pulmonary tuberculosis remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccination with BCG-Denmark to prevent initial and sustained interferon-γ release assay conversion in Brazilian health-care workers.<h4>Methods</h4>This substudy is a nested randomised controlled trial embedded within the BRACE trial (NCT04327206). Specifically, this substudy enrolled Brazilian health-care workers (aged ≥18 years) from three sites in Brazil (Manaus, Campo Grande, and Rio de Janeiro) irrespective of previously receiving BCG vaccination. Participants were excluded if they had contraindications to BCG vaccination, more than 1 month of treatment with specific tuberculosis treatment drugs, previous adverse reactions to BCG, rThe Lancet. Infectious diseases594-601https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11111441biostudies-literatureEffect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adult Brazilian health-care workers: a nested clinical trial.PMC11111441Dalcolmo MAndrews JRMessina NLCurtis NJardim BADos Santos PCPCroda Jda Silva PVde Lacerda MVGPuga MAMDos Santos Gde Almeida E Val FFde Oliveira RDfalseEffect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adult Brazilian health-care workers: a nested clinical trial.<h4>Background</h4>The effectiveness of BCG vaccine for adult pulmonary tuberculosis remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccination with BCG-Denmark to prevent initial and sustained interferon-γ release assay conversion in Brazilian health-care workers.<h4>Methods</h4>This substudy is a nested randomised controlled trial embedded within the BRACE trial (NCT04327206). Specifically, this substudy enrolled Brazilian health-care workers (aged ≥18 years) from three sites in Brazil (Manaus, Campo Grande, and Rio de Janeiro) irrespective of previously receiving BCG vaccination. Participants were excluded if they had contraindications to BCG vaccination, more than 1 month of treatment with specific tuberculosis treatment drugs, previous adverse reactions to BCG, r2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jun2026-06-02T08:22:46.7Z2026-05-26T03:07:17.828ZS-EPMC111114413842302110.1016/S1473-3099(23)00818-6