biostudies-literatureUnknown13(5)Sabtcheva SCarbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia</i> spp., and <i>Morganella morganii</i> (CP-ESCPM) are increasingly identified as causative agents of nosocomial infections but are still not under systematic genomic surveillance. In this study, using a combination of whole-genome sequencing and conjugation experiments, we sought to elucidate the genomic characteristics and transferability of resistance genes in clinical CP-ESCPM isolates from Bulgaria. Among the 36 sequenced isolates, NDM-1 (12/36), VIM-4 (11/36), VIM-86 (8/36), and OXA-48 (7/36) carbapenemases were identified; two isolates carried both NDM-1 and VIM-86. The majority of carbapenemase genes were found on self-conjugative plasmids. IncL plasmids were reAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)455https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11117914biostudies-literatureGenomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia stuartii</i>, and <i>Morganella morganii</i> Clinical Isolates from Bulgaria.PMC11117914Stoikov IChristova ILesseva MTeneva DSabtcheva SIvanov INDonchev DDobreva EGeorgieva SfalseGenomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia stuartii</i>, and <i>Morganella morganii</i> Clinical Isolates from Bulgaria.Carbapenemase-producing <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Providencia</i> spp., and <i>Morganella morganii</i> (CP-ESCPM) are increasingly identified as causative agents of nosocomial infections but are still not under systematic genomic surveillance. In this study, using a combination of whole-genome sequencing and conjugation experiments, we sought to elucidate the genomic characteristics and transferability of resistance genes in clinical CP-ESCPM isolates from Bulgaria. Among the 36 sequenced isolates, NDM-1 (12/36), VIM-4 (11/36), VIM-86 (8/36), and OXA-48 (7/36) carbapenemases were identified; two isolates carried both NDM-1 and VIM-86. The majority of carbapenemase genes were found on self-conjugative plasmids. IncL plasmids were re2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 May2026-04-24T03:14:03.708Z2026-04-24T03:09:38.719ZS-EPMC111179143878618310.3390/antibiotics13050455