biostudies-literatureCao RNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIAID NIH HHSe0303446https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11142483biostudies-literatureUnknown19(5)<h4>Background</h4>Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation is an important allograft complication. To reduce the risk of post-transplant AR, determination of kidney transplant donor-recipient mismatching focuses on blood type and human leukocyte antigens (HLA), while it remains unclear whether non-HLA genetic mismatching is related to post-transplant complications.<h4>Methods</h4>We carried out a genome-wide scan (HLA and non-HLA regions) on AR with a large kidney transplant cohort of 784 living donor-recipient pairs of European ancestry. An AR polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed with the non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) filtered by independence (r2 < 0.2) and P-value (< 1×10-3) criteria. The PRS was validated in an independent cohort of 352 living donor-reciPloS onePolygenic risk score for acute rejection based on donor-recipient non-HLA genotype mismatch.PMC111424835U19-AI0701195U01-AI058013U19 AI070119U01 AI058013Israni ASchladt DPMatas AJGuan WDorr CChen JJacobson PACao ROetting WSfalsePolygenic risk score for acute rejection based on donor-recipient non-HLA genotype mismatch.<h4>Background</h4>Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation is an important allograft complication. To reduce the risk of post-transplant AR, determination of kidney transplant donor-recipient mismatching focuses on blood type and human leukocyte antigens (HLA), while it remains unclear whether non-HLA genetic mismatching is related to post-transplant complications.<h4>Methods</h4>We carried out a genome-wide scan (HLA and non-HLA regions) on AR with a large kidney transplant cohort of 784 living donor-recipient pairs of European ancestry. An AR polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed with the non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) filtered by independence (r2 < 0.2) and P-value (< 1×10-3) criteria. The PRS was validated in an independent cohort of 352 living donor-reci2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242026-06-02T11:35:16.477Z2025-08-14T03:05:42.45ZS-EPMC111424833882034210.1371/journal.pone.0303446