biostudies-literatureUnknown5(5)Ingels JNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known for high relapse rates despite resection in early stages. Here, we present the results of a phase I clinical trial in which a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting patient-individual neoantigens is evaluated in patients with resected NSCLC. Vaccine manufacturing is feasible in six of 10 enrolled patients. Toxicity is limited to grade 1-2 adverse events. Systemic T cell responses are observed in five out of six vaccinated patients, with T cell responses remaining detectable up to 19 months post vaccination. Single-cell analysis indicates that the responsive T cell population is polyclonal and exhibits the near-entire spectrum of T cell differentiation states, including a naive-like state, but excluding exhausted cell states. Three of six vaccinateCell reports. Medicine101516https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11148567biostudies-literatureNeoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum.PMC11148567Van Houtte EDeseins LDe Ryck FGoetgeluk GWeening KPascal EEekhout TDhondt ADe Munter SBonte SVermaelen KVandekerckhove BBrusseel MTaghon TDe Cock LBuyle JLeclercq GKerre TFerdinande LHeyns KPille MMayer RLVan Lint SBilliet LRoelandt RMenten BDevreker PJansen HVerstraete TVermassen FDe Smet SDesender LVan Dorpe JLootens NStevens DVandamme NVerdonckt MSanchez GSThery FVermijlen DVantomme LVanommeslaeghe FImpens FIngels JSurmont VfalseNeoantigen-targeted dendritic cell vaccination in lung cancer patients induces long-lived T cells exhibiting the full differentiation spectrum.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known for high relapse rates despite resection in early stages. Here, we present the results of a phase I clinical trial in which a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting patient-individual neoantigens is evaluated in patients with resected NSCLC. Vaccine manufacturing is feasible in six of 10 enrolled patients. Toxicity is limited to grade 1-2 adverse events. Systemic T cell responses are observed in five out of six vaccinated patients, with T cell responses remaining detectable up to 19 months post vaccination. Single-cell analysis indicates that the responsive T cell population is polyclonal and exhibits the near-entire spectrum of T cell differentiation states, including a naive-like state, but excluding exhausted cell states. Three of six vaccinate2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 May2026-06-01T18:49:00.286Z2026-05-19T03:07:11.237ZS-EPMC111485673862676910.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101516