biostudies-literatureZhang SNICHD NIH HHSUniversity of Michigan Population Studies CenterNICHDAmerican Family Health StudyEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development578-592https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11189656biostudies-literatureUnknown12(3)This article presents the results of an adaptive design experiment in the recruitment of households and individuals for a two-stage national probability web or mail mixed-mode survey, the American Family Health Study (AFHS). In the screening stage, we based the adaptive design's subgroup differentiation on <i>Esri Tapestry</i> segmentation. We used tailored invitation materials for a subsample where a high proportion of the population was Hispanic and added a paper questionnaire to the initial mailing for a subsample with rural and older families. In the main-survey stage, the adaptive design targeted the households where a member other than the screening respondent was selected for the survey. The adaptations included emailing and/or texting, an additional prepaid incentive, and seeking sJournal of survey statistics and methodologyIncorporating Adaptive Survey Design in a Two-Stage National Web or Mail Mixed-Mode Survey: An Experiment in the American Family Health Study.PMC11189656R01 HD095920P2CHD041028P2C HD041028R01HD095920West BTGatward RWagner JZhang SfalseIncorporating Adaptive Survey Design in a Two-Stage National Web or Mail Mixed-Mode Survey: An Experiment in the American Family Health Study.This article presents the results of an adaptive design experiment in the recruitment of households and individuals for a two-stage national probability web or mail mixed-mode survey, the American Family Health Study (AFHS). In the screening stage, we based the adaptive design's subgroup differentiation on <i>Esri Tapestry</i> segmentation. We used tailored invitation materials for a subsample where a high proportion of the population was Hispanic and added a paper questionnaire to the initial mailing for a subsample with rural and older families. In the main-survey stage, the adaptive design targeted the households where a member other than the screening respondent was selected for the survey. The adaptations included emailing and/or texting, an additional prepaid incentive, and seeking s2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jun2026-05-29T22:36:23.314Z2025-04-04T20:24:40.049ZS-EPMC111896563891125110.1093/jssam/smad035