biostudies-literatureFalcao MBLSwiss National Science FoundationNIBIB NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering101006https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11211232biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)<h4>Background</h4>Four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often relies on the injection of gadolinium- or iron-oxide-based contrast agents to improve vessel delineation. In this work, a novel technique is developed to acquire and reconstruct 4D flow data with excellent dynamic visualization of blood vessels but without the need for contrast injection. Synchronization of Neighboring Acquisitions by Physiological Signals (SyNAPS) uses pilot tone (PT) navigation to retrospectively synchronize the reconstruction of two free-running three-dimensional radial acquisitions, to create co-registered anatomy and flow images.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirteen volunteers and two Marfan syndrome patients were scanned without contrast agent using one free-running fast interrupted steady-state Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic ResonanceCombined free-running four-dimensional anatomical and flow magnetic resonance imaging with native contrast using Synchronization of Neighboring Acquisitions by Physiological Signals.PMC11211232T32 EB025766PZ00P3_202140PCEFP2_194296201292173129PZ00P3_167871T32EB02576632003B_182615Prsa MRossi GMCBastiaansen JAMStuber MRutz TFalcao MBLRumac Svan Heeswijk RBSpeier PMarkl MTenisch ERoy CWMackowiak ALCBacher MfalseCombined free-running four-dimensional anatomical and flow magnetic resonance imaging with native contrast using Synchronization of Neighboring Acquisitions by Physiological Signals.<h4>Background</h4>Four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often relies on the injection of gadolinium- or iron-oxide-based contrast agents to improve vessel delineation. In this work, a novel technique is developed to acquire and reconstruct 4D flow data with excellent dynamic visualization of blood vessels but without the need for contrast injection. Synchronization of Neighboring Acquisitions by Physiological Signals (SyNAPS) uses pilot tone (PT) navigation to retrospectively synchronize the reconstruction of two free-running three-dimensional radial acquisitions, to create co-registered anatomy and flow images.<h4>Methods</h4>Thirteen volunteers and two Marfan syndrome patients were scanned without contrast agent using one free-running fast interrupted steady-state 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Summer2026-04-08T04:10:24.564Z2026-04-07T21:50:54.937ZS-EPMC112112323830958110.1016/j.jocmr.2024.101006