biostudies-literatureLee GQMichael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR)NIAID NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesMichael Smith Foundation for Health ResearchU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Wellcome TrustGouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesGouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada)Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID)5480https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11219899biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)The primary obstacle to curing HIV-1 is a reservoir of CD4+ cells that contain stably integrated provirus. Previous studies characterizing the proviral landscape, which have been predominantly conducted in males in the United States and Europe living with HIV-1 subtype B, have revealed that most proviruses that persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART) are defective. In contrast, less is known about proviral landscapes in females with non-B subtypes, which represents the largest group of individuals living with HIV-1. Here, we analyze genomic DNA from resting CD4+ T-cells from 16 female and seven male Ugandans with HIV-1 receiving suppressive ART (n = 23). We perform near-full-length proviral sequencing at limiting dilution to examine the proviral genetic landscape, yielding 607 HIV-1 suNature communicationsHIV-1 subtype A1, D, and recombinant proviral genome landscapes during long-term suppressive therapy.PMC11219899CGS-M awardsCanada Research Chairs ProgramUM1AI164565Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship107752/Z/15/ZPJT-159625Scholar AwardUM1 AI164565NAR21AI150398R21 AI150398R01 AI162221R01AI162221Brumme ZLProdger JLGowanlock SNAnok AKityamuweesi TReynolds SJKinloch NNKasule JBuule PTomusange SQuinn TCLee GQGaliwango RMChen ZCopertino DCRedd ADOmondi FHJamiru SJones RBDuncan MCKhadka PfalseHIV-1 subtype A1, D, and recombinant proviral genome landscapes during long-term suppressive therapy.The primary obstacle to curing HIV-1 is a reservoir of CD4+ cells that contain stably integrated provirus. Previous studies characterizing the proviral landscape, which have been predominantly conducted in males in the United States and Europe living with HIV-1 subtype B, have revealed that most proviruses that persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART) are defective. In contrast, less is known about proviral landscapes in females with non-B subtypes, which represents the largest group of individuals living with HIV-1. Here, we analyze genomic DNA from resting CD4+ T-cells from 16 female and seven male Ugandans with HIV-1 receiving suppressive ART (n = 23). We perform near-full-length proviral sequencing at limiting dilution to examine the proviral genetic landscape, yielding 607 HIV-1 su2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-07-15T08:23:16.399Z2025-04-04T12:21:09.122ZS-EPMC112198993895601710.1038/s41467-024-48985-9