{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Kong X"],"funding":["Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","National Natural Science Foundation of China","The Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Projects","The program B for Outstanding Ph.D. candidate of Nanjing University"],"pagination":["e3621"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11226542"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["14(7)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Introduction</h4>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of liver diseases characterized by neuroinflammation. The efficacies of nonabsorbable rifaximin (RIF) and lactulose (LAC) have been well documented in the treatment of HE. [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 is a translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer used for in vivo neuroinflammation imaging. This study investigated anti-neuroinflammation effect of RIF or/and LAC in chronic HE rats by [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 micro-PET/CT.<h4>Methods</h4>Bile duct ligation (BDL) operation induced chronic HE models, and this study included Sham+normal saline (NS), BDL+NS, BDL+RIF, BDL+LAC, and BDL+RIF+LAC groups. Behavioral assessment was performed to analyze the motor function, and fecal samples were collected after successfully established the chronic HE model (more than 28 days post-surgery). In addition, fecal samples collection and micro-PET/CT scans were performed sequentially. And we also collected the blood plasma, liver, intestinal, and brain samples after sacrificing the rats for further biochemical and pathological analyses.<h4>Results</h4>The RIF- and/or LAC-treated BDL rats showed similar behavioral results with Sham+NS group, while the treatment could not reverse the biliary obstruction resulting in sustained liver injury. The RIF or/and LAC treatments can inhibit IFN-γ and IL-10 productions. The global brain uptake values of [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 in BDL+NS group was significantly higher than other groups (p < .0001). The brain regions analysis showed that the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex had radiotracer uptake differences among groups (all p < .05), which were consistent with the brain immunohistochemistry results. Sham+NS group was mainly enriched in Christensenella, Coprobacillus, and Pseudoflavonifractor. BDL+NS group was mainly enriched in Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, and Enterorhabdus. BDL+RIF+LAC group was enriched in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Parasutterella.<h4>Conclusions</h4>RIF or/and LAC had anti-neuroinflammation in BDL-induced chronic HE rats with gut microbiota alterations. The [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 could be used for monitoring RIF or/and LAC treatment efficacy of chronic HE rats."],"journal":["Brain and behavior"],"pubmed_title":["The effect of rifaximin and lactulose treatments to chronic hepatic encephalopathy rats: An [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 in-vivo neuroinflammation imaging study."],"pmcid":["PMC11226542"],"funding_grant_id":["81830057","81230032","811713 to LJZ","81322020","81601486 to SL","201801B055 to XK","82127806 to GML","81401468 to GFY","2020AAA0109500 to GML","82230068","021414380531 to GML"],"pubmed_authors":["Yang GF","Zhang J","Wu SY","Zhang LJ","Lu GM","Luo S","Kong X"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"The effect of rifaximin and lactulose treatments to chronic hepatic encephalopathy rats: An [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 in-vivo neuroinflammation imaging study.","description":"<h4>Introduction</h4>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of liver diseases characterized by neuroinflammation. The efficacies of nonabsorbable rifaximin (RIF) and lactulose (LAC) have been well documented in the treatment of HE. [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 is a translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer used for in vivo neuroinflammation imaging. This study investigated anti-neuroinflammation effect of RIF or/and LAC in chronic HE rats by [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 micro-PET/CT.<h4>Methods</h4>Bile duct ligation (BDL) operation induced chronic HE models, and this study included Sham+normal saline (NS), BDL+NS, BDL+RIF, BDL+LAC, and BDL+RIF+LAC groups. Behavioral assessment was performed to analyze the motor function, and fecal samples were collected after successfully established the chronic HE model (more than 28 days post-surgery). In addition, fecal samples collection and micro-PET/CT scans were performed sequentially. And we also collected the blood plasma, liver, intestinal, and brain samples after sacrificing the rats for further biochemical and pathological analyses.<h4>Results</h4>The RIF- and/or LAC-treated BDL rats showed similar behavioral results with Sham+NS group, while the treatment could not reverse the biliary obstruction resulting in sustained liver injury. The RIF or/and LAC treatments can inhibit IFN-γ and IL-10 productions. The global brain uptake values of [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 in BDL+NS group was significantly higher than other groups (p < .0001). The brain regions analysis showed that the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex had radiotracer uptake differences among groups (all p < .05), which were consistent with the brain immunohistochemistry results. Sham+NS group was mainly enriched in Christensenella, Coprobacillus, and Pseudoflavonifractor. BDL+NS group was mainly enriched in Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, and Enterorhabdus. BDL+RIF+LAC group was enriched in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Parasutterella.<h4>Conclusions</h4>RIF or/and LAC had anti-neuroinflammation in BDL-induced chronic HE rats with gut microbiota alterations. The [<sup>18</sup>F]PBR146 could be used for monitoring RIF or/and LAC treatment efficacy of chronic HE rats.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Jul","modification":"2025-04-22T15:29:12.622Z","creation":"2025-04-06T01:25:53.307Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC11226542","cross_references":{"pubmed":["38970239"],"doi":["10.1002/brb3.3621"]}}