biostudies-literatureLin YNHLBI NIH HHSNCI NIH HHS974-988.e5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11227404biostudies-literatureUnknown31(7)Cellular therapies with cardiomyocytes produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) offer a potential route to cardiac regeneration as a treatment for chronic ischemic heart disease. Here, we report successful long-term engraftment and in vivo maturation of autologous iPSC-CMs in two rhesus macaques with small, subclinical chronic myocardial infarctions, all without immunosuppression. Longitudinal positron emission tomography imaging using the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene revealed stable grafts for over 6 and 12 months, with no teratoma formation. Histological analyses suggested capability of the transplanted iPSC-CMs to mature and integrate with endogenous myocardium, with no sign of immune cell infiltration or rejection. By contrast, allogeneic iPSC-CMs were rejCell stem cellLong-term engraftment and maturation of autologous iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in two rhesus macaques.PMC11227404R01 HL14808175N91019D00024R01 HL146868Zou JSchwartzbeck RLin YTaylor JLMurry CEJeffries KRBoehm MKelly CFerrante EAYu SJAdler SSKeeran KJNakamura KChen MYClevenger RRDunbar CEHunt TJYang XChoyke PLNeidig LENavarengom KMehta ASato NYu ZXTakeda KHong SNakamura DSfalseLong-term engraftment and maturation of autologous iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in two rhesus macaques.Cellular therapies with cardiomyocytes produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) offer a potential route to cardiac regeneration as a treatment for chronic ischemic heart disease. Here, we report successful long-term engraftment and in vivo maturation of autologous iPSC-CMs in two rhesus macaques with small, subclinical chronic myocardial infarctions, all without immunosuppression. Longitudinal positron emission tomography imaging using the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene revealed stable grafts for over 6 and 12 months, with no teratoma formation. Histological analyses suggested capability of the transplanted iPSC-CMs to mature and integrate with endogenous myocardium, with no sign of immune cell infiltration or rejection. By contrast, allogeneic iPSC-CMs were rej2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2025-07-28T03:03:45.009Z2025-07-28T03:03:45.009ZS-EPMC112274043884383010.1016/j.stem.2024.05.005