biostudies-literatureZeng SNIAID NIH HHSNIAID1511-1525https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11228286biostudies-literatureUnknown23(10)Human leukocyte antigen antibodies are important immunologic mediators of renal allograft loss and are difficult to control. The inability to permanently eliminate donor-specific antibodies (DSA) is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the cellular mechanisms driving alloantibody formation, recurrence, and maintenance. Memory T follicular helper (mTfh) cells rapidly interact with memory B cells upon antigen re-exposure for anamnestic humoral responses, but little is known about Tfh memory in transplantation. We hypothesized that alloreactive mTfh cells form after transplantation and play a critical role in DSA formation following alloantigen re-encounter. To test this hypothesis, we utilized murine skin allograft models to identify and characterize Tfh memory and interrogate its abAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant SurgeonsMemory T follicular helper cells drive donor-specific antibodies independent of memory B cells and primary germinal center and alloantibody formation.PMC11228286R01 AI164716T32 AI070081K08 AI132747Zeng SFord MLCrichton ESBadell IRfalseMemory T follicular helper cells drive donor-specific antibodies independent of memory B cells and primary germinal center and alloantibody formation.Human leukocyte antigen antibodies are important immunologic mediators of renal allograft loss and are difficult to control. The inability to permanently eliminate donor-specific antibodies (DSA) is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the cellular mechanisms driving alloantibody formation, recurrence, and maintenance. Memory T follicular helper (mTfh) cells rapidly interact with memory B cells upon antigen re-exposure for anamnestic humoral responses, but little is known about Tfh memory in transplantation. We hypothesized that alloreactive mTfh cells form after transplantation and play a critical role in DSA formation following alloantigen re-encounter. To test this hypothesis, we utilized murine skin allograft models to identify and characterize Tfh memory and interrogate its ab2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Oct2025-04-18T12:58:15.372Z2025-04-06T22:24:34.945ZS-EPMC112282863730257510.1016/j.ajt.2023.06.006