biostudies-literatureUnknown73Chabala C<h4>Background</h4>In children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) tuberculosis is common, challenging to diagnose, and often fatal. We developed tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms (TDAs) for children under the age of 5 years with SAM.<h4>Methods</h4>In this prospective diagnostic study, we enrolled and followed up children aged <60 months hospitalised with SAM at three tertiary hospitals in Zambia and Uganda from 4 November 2019 to 20 June 2022. We included children aged 2-59 months with SAM as defined by WHO and hospitalised following the WHO clinical criteria. We excluded children with current or history of antituberculosis treatment within the preceding 3 months. They underwent tuberculosis symptom screening, clinical assessment, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, Xpert MTB/RIEClinicalMedicine102688https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11245985biostudies-literatureDevelopment of tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia and Uganda: a prospective diagnostic cohort study.PMC11245985Mwango EOccelli ERazafimanantsoa MBeuscart AChimbini MNgambi MRoucher CNangozi JSilavwe MTon Nu Nguyet MHPoublan JSserunjogi RSiasulingana TFont HHimwaze DABalestre ENduna BBusinge GBKapula CKoskas NSerre AKuppers ABarungi CChungu CZyambo KGraham SInambao MWasswa AEsperou HKapasa MKapotwe VTB-Speed SAM study groupNamulinda FAciparu SWobudeya ECharpin APumbwe MKagoya EChakopo MLounnas MChirwa UMumba WKanyama MBabirekere EMesnier SNassozi RMarcy OBadrichani AMoono RChilanga MHambulo CMwambazi MBonnet MMankunshe EDoreen MZulu SChilonga JChifunda KZimba KHabiyambere GMulenga VChola DBusinge GD'Elbee MVessiere ACouffin-Cadiergues SNtambi SKasakwa KHellen ASophia CNawakwi GChabala CHalende BShankalala PMundundu GHamze BfalseDevelopment of tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms in children below 5 years hospitalised with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia and Uganda: a prospective diagnostic cohort study.<h4>Background</h4>In children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) tuberculosis is common, challenging to diagnose, and often fatal. We developed tuberculosis treatment decision algorithms (TDAs) for children under the age of 5 years with SAM.<h4>Methods</h4>In this prospective diagnostic study, we enrolled and followed up children aged <60 months hospitalised with SAM at three tertiary hospitals in Zambia and Uganda from 4 November 2019 to 20 June 2022. We included children aged 2-59 months with SAM as defined by WHO and hospitalised following the WHO clinical criteria. We excluded children with current or history of antituberculosis treatment within the preceding 3 months. They underwent tuberculosis symptom screening, clinical assessment, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, Xpert MTB/RI2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-06-03T00:32:24.796Z2025-02-19T02:33:39.886ZS-EPMC112459853900706310.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102688