biostudies-literatureLaurie SJU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical SciencesU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)NIDDK NIH HHSNIEHS NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer InstituteNHLBI NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNCI NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)NIGMS NIH HHS6000https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11255294biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) maintain homeostasis and barrier integrity in mucosal tissues. In both mice and humans, ILC2s poorly reconstitute after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Determining the mechanisms involved in their impaired reconstitution could improve transplant outcomes. By integrating single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of transplanted ILC2s, we identify a previously unreported population of converted ILC1-like cells in the mouse small intestine post-transplant. Exposure of ILC2s to proinflammatory cytokines resulted in a mixed ILC1-ILC2 phenotype but was able to convert only a small population of ILC2s to ILC1s, which were found post-transplant. Whereas ILC2s protected against acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mediNature communicationsType II innate lymphoid cell plasticity contributes to impaired reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.PMC112552941K12GM000678-20P30 AI050410T32GM067553R01GM138912R01CA2766631T32CA211056-01A1P30 ES010126R01 GM138912T32 CA196589K12 GM000678P30 CA016086R01 HL139730T32 CA2110561R01HL155098-01A1R01 CA276663P30 DK034987T32 GM067553R01 HL1550981R01HL139730-03Bruce DWLaurie SJFoster JPParker JSBommiasamy HChao NJDavis IJSerody JSSarantopoulos SYazdimamaghani MKolupaev OVPattenden SGfalseType II innate lymphoid cell plasticity contributes to impaired reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) maintain homeostasis and barrier integrity in mucosal tissues. In both mice and humans, ILC2s poorly reconstitute after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Determining the mechanisms involved in their impaired reconstitution could improve transplant outcomes. By integrating single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of transplanted ILC2s, we identify a previously unreported population of converted ILC1-like cells in the mouse small intestine post-transplant. Exposure of ILC2s to proinflammatory cytokines resulted in a mixed ILC1-ILC2 phenotype but was able to convert only a small population of ILC2s to ILC1s, which were found post-transplant. Whereas ILC2s protected against acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) medi2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-06-02T22:56:27.267Z2025-04-06T17:11:05.986ZS-EPMC112552943901984610.1038/s41467-024-50263-7