biostudies-literatureRiffe MBRhodes Trust and Schmidt FuturesNHLBI NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthNIAMS NIH HHSNIH HHSNational Science Foundatione2309026https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11259577biostudies-literatureUnknown36(34)Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is an emerging layerless method for the rapid processing of reactive resins into 3D structures, where printing is much faster (seconds) than other lithography and direct ink writing methods (minutes to hours). As a vial of resin rotates in the VAM process, patterned light exposure defines a 3D object and then resin that has not undergone gelation can be washed away. Despite the promise of VAM, there are challenges with the printing of soft hydrogel materials from non-viscous precursors, including multi-material constructs. To address this, sacrificial gelatin is used to modulate resin viscosity to support the cytocompatible VAM printing of macromers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyacrylamide (PA). After printing, gelatin is removed by washing at an elevated temperature. To print multi-material constructs, the gelatin-containing resin is used as a shear-yielding suspension bath (including HA to further modulate bath properties) where ink can be extruded into the bath to define a multi-material resin that can then be processed with VAM into a defined object. Multi-material constructs of methacrylated HA (MeHA) and gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) are printed (as proof-of-concept) with encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), where the local hydrogel properties guide cell spreading behavior with culture.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)Multi-Material Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels using Gelatin as a Sacrificial Network and 3D Suspension Bath.PMC11259577R01 HL160616CMMI: 15‐48571R01 AR077362R01AR077362SchmidtScienceFellowshipR01HL160616CMMI: 15-48571Cooke MESeymour GDhand APBurdick JAMcLeod RRDavidson MDZlotnick HMRiffe MBfalseMulti-Material Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels using Gelatin as a Sacrificial Network and 3D Suspension Bath.Volumetric additive manufacturing (VAM) is an emerging layerless method for the rapid processing of reactive resins into 3D structures, where printing is much faster (seconds) than other lithography and direct ink writing methods (minutes to hours). As a vial of resin rotates in the VAM process, patterned light exposure defines a 3D object and then resin that has not undergone gelation can be washed away. Despite the promise of VAM, there are challenges with the printing of soft hydrogel materials from non-viscous precursors, including multi-material constructs. To address this, sacrificial gelatin is used to modulate resin viscosity to support the cytocompatible VAM printing of macromers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and polyacrylamide (PA). After printing, gelatin is removed by washing at an elevated temperature. To print multi-material constructs, the gelatin-containing resin is used as a shear-yielding suspension bath (including HA to further modulate bath properties) where ink can be extruded into the bath to define a multi-material resin that can then be processed with VAM into a defined object. Multi-material constructs of methacrylated HA (MeHA) and gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) are printed (as proof-of-concept) with encapsulated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), where the local hydrogel properties guide cell spreading behavior with culture.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2026-03-17T15:33:22.906Z2025-08-16T03:07:08.537ZS-EPMC112595773824391810.1002/adma.202309026