biostudies-literatureSun XNatural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China7893-7909https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11260468biostudies-literatureUnknown52(13)In plant chloroplasts, certain ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) are present in nucleoids, implying an association between nucleoids and ribosome biogenesis. In Arabidopsis, the YqeH-type GTPase Brassinazole-Insensitive Pale Green2 (BPG2) is a chloroplast nucleoid-associated RBF. Here, we investigated the relationship between nucleoids and BPG2-involved ribosome biogenesis steps by exploring how BPG2 targets ribosomes. Our findings demonstrate that BPG2 interacts with an essential plastid RP, uS10c, in chloroplast nucleoids in a ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-independent manner. We also discovered that uS10c is a haploinsufficient gene, as the heterozygous deletion of this gene leads to variegated shoots and chlorophyll aggregation. uS10c is integrated into 30S ribosomaNucleic acids researchThe uS10c-BPG2 module mediates ribosomal RNA processing in chloroplast nucleoids.PMC11260468ZR2023MC0823150025732370372Zhao CLi PWang XSun XSingla-Rastogi MWang JfalseThe uS10c-BPG2 module mediates ribosomal RNA processing in chloroplast nucleoids.In plant chloroplasts, certain ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosome biogenesis factors (RBFs) are present in nucleoids, implying an association between nucleoids and ribosome biogenesis. In Arabidopsis, the YqeH-type GTPase Brassinazole-Insensitive Pale Green2 (BPG2) is a chloroplast nucleoid-associated RBF. Here, we investigated the relationship between nucleoids and BPG2-involved ribosome biogenesis steps by exploring how BPG2 targets ribosomes. Our findings demonstrate that BPG2 interacts with an essential plastid RP, uS10c, in chloroplast nucleoids in a ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-independent manner. We also discovered that uS10c is a haploinsufficient gene, as the heterozygous deletion of this gene leads to variegated shoots and chlorophyll aggregation. uS10c is integrated into 30S ribosoma2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-05-22T03:11:00.915Z2025-04-06T17:12:01.217ZS-EPMC112604683868679110.1093/nar/gkae339