biostudies-literatureUnknown27(7)Ma LNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGreen manure (GM) enhances organic agriculture by improving soil quality and microbiota, yet its effects on plant resistance are unclear. Investigating the GM crop hairy vetch-maize rotation system, a widely adopted GM practice in China, we aimed to determine maize resistance to fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith), a major pest. Greenhouse experiments with three fertilization treatments (chemical fertilizer, GM, and a combination) revealed that GM applications significantly improved maize resistance to FAW, evidenced by reduced larval feeding preference and pupal weight. GM also enriched soil nutrients, beneficial rhizobacteria, and resistance-related compounds, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), in maize.iScience110320https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11269313biostudies-literatureGreen manure application improves insect resistance of subsequent crops through the optimization of soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbiota.PMC11269313Liu YMa LGe YWang DJiang XZhang LCheng YfalseGreen manure application improves insect resistance of subsequent crops through the optimization of soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbiota.Green manure (GM) enhances organic agriculture by improving soil quality and microbiota, yet its effects on plant resistance are unclear. Investigating the GM crop hairy vetch-maize rotation system, a widely adopted GM practice in China, we aimed to determine maize resistance to fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Smith), a major pest. Greenhouse experiments with three fertilization treatments (chemical fertilizer, GM, and a combination) revealed that GM applications significantly improved maize resistance to FAW, evidenced by reduced larval feeding preference and pupal weight. GM also enriched soil nutrients, beneficial rhizobacteria, and resistance-related compounds, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), in maize.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-05-04T06:36:02.999Z2025-04-19T13:15:27.376ZS-EPMC112693133905594910.1016/j.isci.2024.110320