biostudies-literatureUnknown106Pasquali S<h4>Background</h4>Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may modify tumour immune infiltrate. This study characterized immune infiltrate spatial distribution after NAC in primary high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and investigate association with prognosis.<h4>Methods</h4>The ISG-STS 1001 trial randomized STS patients to anthracycline plus ifosfamide (AI) or a histology-tailored (HT) NAC. Four areas of tumour specimens were sampled: the area showing the highest lymphocyte infiltrate (HI) at H&E; the area with lack of post-treatment changes (highest grade, HG); the area with post-treatment changes (lowest grade, LG); and the tumour edge (TE). CD3, CD8, PD-1, CD20, FOXP3, and CD163 were analyzed at immunohistochemistry and digital pathology. A machine learning method was used EBioMedicine105220https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11287012biostudies-literatureSpatial distribution of tumour immune infiltrate predicts outcomes of patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PMC11287012Quagliuolo VDei Tos APStacchiotti SBrich SPalmerini EBeveridge RDVergani BLopez-Pousa AVallacchi VMartin-Broto JCoindre JMCasiraghi ERenne SLCasali PGLalli LRivoltini LBague SRomagosa CGrignani GBarisella MPasquali SSbaraglia MGronchi ABergamaschi LBlay JYCollini PfalseSpatial distribution of tumour immune infiltrate predicts outcomes of patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.<h4>Background</h4>Anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may modify tumour immune infiltrate. This study characterized immune infiltrate spatial distribution after NAC in primary high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and investigate association with prognosis.<h4>Methods</h4>The ISG-STS 1001 trial randomized STS patients to anthracycline plus ifosfamide (AI) or a histology-tailored (HT) NAC. Four areas of tumour specimens were sampled: the area showing the highest lymphocyte infiltrate (HI) at H&E; the area with lack of post-treatment changes (highest grade, HG); the area with post-treatment changes (lowest grade, LG); and the tumour edge (TE). CD3, CD8, PD-1, CD20, FOXP3, and CD163 were analyzed at immunohistochemistry and digital pathology. A machine learning method was used 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2026-06-02T09:19:09.569Z2026-04-16T03:13:14.373ZS-EPMC112870123901875510.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105220