biostudies-literatureFahad MNational Key Research and Development Program of China100927https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11287177biostudies-literatureUnknown5(7)Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as integral gene-expression regulators underlying plant growth, development, and adaptation. To adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic rhizosphere, plants use interconnected regulatory mechanisms to optimally fine-tune gene-expression-governing interactions with soil biota, as well as nutrient acquisition and heavy metal tolerance. Recently, high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of plant lncRNAs responsive to rhizosphere biotic and abiotic cues. Here, we examine lncRNA biogenesis, classification, and mode of action, highlighting the functions of lncRNAs in mediating plant adaptation to diverse rhizosphere factors. We then discuss studies that reveal the significance and target genes of lncRNAs during developmental plasticity aPlant communicationsUnderground communication: Long non-coding RNA signaling in the plant rhizosphere.PMC112871772023YFF1000500Tariq LWu LMuhammad SFahad MfalseUnderground communication: Long non-coding RNA signaling in the plant rhizosphere.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as integral gene-expression regulators underlying plant growth, development, and adaptation. To adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic rhizosphere, plants use interconnected regulatory mechanisms to optimally fine-tune gene-expression-governing interactions with soil biota, as well as nutrient acquisition and heavy metal tolerance. Recently, high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of plant lncRNAs responsive to rhizosphere biotic and abiotic cues. Here, we examine lncRNA biogenesis, classification, and mode of action, highlighting the functions of lncRNAs in mediating plant adaptation to diverse rhizosphere factors. We then discuss studies that reveal the significance and target genes of lncRNAs during developmental plasticity a2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jul2026-07-16T07:22:05.726Z2026-07-09T10:42:50.345ZS-EPMC112871773867991110.1016/j.xplc.2024.100927