biostudies-literatureHan LNational Natural Science Foundation of China746https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11308528biostudies-literatureUnknown22(1)Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is primarily driven by allogeneic donor T cells associated with an altered composition of the host gut microbiome and its metabolites. The severity of aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is not solely determined by the host and donor characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we decoded the immune cell atlas of 12 patients who underwent allo-HSCT: six with aGVHD and six with non-aGVHD. We performed a fecal microbiota (16SrRNA sequencing) analysis to investigate the fecal bacterial composition of 82 patients: 30 with aGVHD and 52 with non-aGVHD. Fecal samples from these patients were analyzed for bile acid metabolism. Through multi-omic analysis, we identJournal of translational medicineMulti-omics analysis reveals a feedback loop amplifying immune responses in acute graft-versus-host disease due to imbalanced gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.PMC1130852882100240Chen QLi JZhang DZhu ZHan LXin QZhang MSun XKong JBai YZhou YGuo RYang FJiang YSun NFeng KWang SYue BGao YFu LChen YWang XYang QZhao JfalseMulti-omics analysis reveals a feedback loop amplifying immune responses in acute graft-versus-host disease due to imbalanced gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is primarily driven by allogeneic donor T cells associated with an altered composition of the host gut microbiome and its metabolites. The severity of aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is not solely determined by the host and donor characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we decoded the immune cell atlas of 12 patients who underwent allo-HSCT: six with aGVHD and six with non-aGVHD. We performed a fecal microbiota (16SrRNA sequencing) analysis to investigate the fecal bacterial composition of 82 patients: 30 with aGVHD and 52 with non-aGVHD. Fecal samples from these patients were analyzed for bile acid metabolism. Through multi-omic analysis, we ident2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2026-04-30T00:01:11.26Z2024-11-20T12:34:30.054ZS-EPMC113085283911314410.1186/s12967-024-05577-x