biostudies-literatureSingh GScience and Engineering Research Board2826-2854https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11324062biostudies-literatureUnknown15(8)Twelve 3,5-disubstituted-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) hybrids were synthesized using solution phase chemistry. Continuing our previous work, nine O-modified ethyl vanillin (8a-i) derivatives were synthesized and reacted with the TZD core via Knoevenagel condensation under primary reaction conditions to obtain final derivatives 9a-i. Additionally, three isatin-TZD hybrids (11a-c) were synthesized. The intermediates and final derivatives were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the observed chemical shifts agreed with the proposed structures. The in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory evaluation of newly synthesized derivatives revealed compounds 9F and 9G as the best dual inhibitors, with IC50 values of RSC medicinal chemistryThiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids as dual alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation.PMC11324062CRG/2021/001009Singh GMehan SMonga VSingh RfalseThiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids as dual alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation.Twelve 3,5-disubstituted-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) hybrids were synthesized using solution phase chemistry. Continuing our previous work, nine O-modified ethyl vanillin (8a-i) derivatives were synthesized and reacted with the TZD core via Knoevenagel condensation under primary reaction conditions to obtain final derivatives 9a-i. Additionally, three isatin-TZD hybrids (11a-c) were synthesized. The intermediates and final derivatives were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the observed chemical shifts agreed with the proposed structures. The in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory evaluation of newly synthesized derivatives revealed compounds 9F and 9G as the best dual inhibitors, with IC50 values of 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2026-03-27T15:51:00.118Z2025-08-24T03:08:48.901ZS-EPMC113240623914909410.1039/d4md00199k