biostudies-literatureChen QMOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of Chinae0017824https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11340313biostudies-literatureUnknown206(8)Ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (<i>S.</i> Typhimurium) causes a significant health burden worldwide. A wealth of studies has been published on the contributions of different mechanisms to ciprofloxacin resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. But we still lack a deep understanding of the physiological responses and genetic changes that underlie ciprofloxacin exposure. This study aims to know how phenotypic and genotypic characteristics are impacted by ciprofloxacin exposure, from ciprofloxacin-susceptible to ciprofloxacin-resistant strains <i>in vitro</i>. Here, we investigated the multistep evolution of resistance in replicate populations of <i>S.</i> Typhimurium during 24 days of continuously increasing ciprofloxacin exposure and assessed how ciprofloxacin impacts physJournal of bacteriology<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium alters galactitol metabolism under ciprofloxacin treatment to balance resistance and virulence.PMC113403133217285731602087Chen QLi CLiu MLiu DQuan HGong XYu YXu Yfalse<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium alters galactitol metabolism under ciprofloxacin treatment to balance resistance and virulence.Ciprofloxacin-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (<i>S.</i> Typhimurium) causes a significant health burden worldwide. A wealth of studies has been published on the contributions of different mechanisms to ciprofloxacin resistance in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. But we still lack a deep understanding of the physiological responses and genetic changes that underlie ciprofloxacin exposure. This study aims to know how phenotypic and genotypic characteristics are impacted by ciprofloxacin exposure, from ciprofloxacin-susceptible to ciprofloxacin-resistant strains <i>in vitro</i>. Here, we investigated the multistep evolution of resistance in replicate populations of <i>S.</i> Typhimurium during 24 days of continuously increasing ciprofloxacin exposure and assessed how ciprofloxacin impacts phys2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2026-06-01T05:46:26.802Z2025-04-05T19:19:20.011ZS-EPMC113403133908286110.1128/jb.00178-24