biostudies-literatureHoffmann ADeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft8823https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11354880biostudies-literatureUnknown25(16)Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are essential for the temperature adaptation of thermophilic and psychrophilic organisms as they control the rigidity and flexibility of transcripts. To further understand how specific tRNA modifications are adjusted to maintain functionality in response to temperature fluctuations, we investigated whether tRNA modifications represent an adaptation of bacteria to different growth temperatures (minimal, optimal, and maximal), focusing on closely related psychrophilic (<i>P. halocryophilus</i> and <i>E. sibiricum</i>), mesophilic (<i>B. subtilis</i>), and thermophilic (<i>G. stearothermophilus</i>) Bacillales. Utilizing an RNA sequencing approach combined with chemical pre-treatment of tRNA samples, we systematically profiled dihydrouridine (D), 4-thiouridinInternational journal of molecular sciencesTemperature-Dependent tRNA Modifications in Bacillales.PMC11354880SPP1784MO 634/13-1STA 850/27-1Stadler PFFallmann JLechner ABetat HLorenz CWolff PHoffmann AMorl MfalseTemperature-Dependent tRNA Modifications in Bacillales.Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are essential for the temperature adaptation of thermophilic and psychrophilic organisms as they control the rigidity and flexibility of transcripts. To further understand how specific tRNA modifications are adjusted to maintain functionality in response to temperature fluctuations, we investigated whether tRNA modifications represent an adaptation of bacteria to different growth temperatures (minimal, optimal, and maximal), focusing on closely related psychrophilic (<i>P. halocryophilus</i> and <i>E. sibiricum</i>), mesophilic (<i>B. subtilis</i>), and thermophilic (<i>G. stearothermophilus</i>) Bacillales. Utilizing an RNA sequencing approach combined with chemical pre-treatment of tRNA samples, we systematically profiled dihydrouridine (D), 4-thiouridin2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Aug2025-04-26T11:46:35.524Z2025-04-06T13:46:44.373ZS-EPMC113548803920150810.3390/ijms25168823