{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Schattgen SA"],"funding":["NIAID NIH HHS","U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)"],"pagination":["1742-1753"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11362011"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["25(9)"],"pubmed_abstract":["The differentiation and specificity of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T follicular helper cells (T<sub>FH</sub> cells) after influenza vaccination have been poorly defined. Here we profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers for over 2 years after two influenza vaccines were administered 1 year apart to define the evolution of the CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>FH</sub> cell response. The first vaccination induced an increase in the frequency of circulating T<sub>FH</sub> (cT<sub>FH</sub>) and LN T<sub>FH</sub> cells at week 1 postvaccination. This increase was transient for cT<sub>FH</sub> cells, whereas the LN T<sub>FH</sub> cells further expanded during week 2 and remained elevated in frequency for at least 3 months. We observed several distinct subsets of T<sub>FH</sub> cells in the LN, including pre-T<sub>FH</sub> cells, memory T<sub>FH</sub> cells, germinal center (GC) T<sub>FH</sub> cells and interleukin-10<sup>+</sup> T<sub>FH</sub> cell subsets beginning at baseline and at all time points postvaccination. The shift toward a GC T<sub>FH</sub> cell phenotype occurred with faster kinetics after the second vaccine compared to the first vaccine. We identified several influenza-specific T<sub>FH</sub> cell clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza virus proteins, and found that each T<sub>FH</sub> cell state was attainable within a clonal lineage. Thus, human T<sub>FH</sub> cells form a durable and dynamic multitissue network."],"journal":["Nature immunology"],"pubmed_title":["Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response."],"pmcid":["PMC11362011"],"funding_grant_id":["F32 AI157296","R21 AI139813","75N93021C00016","U01 AI144616","R01 AI136514","F32AI157296","R01AI136514","U01 AI141990","U01AI144616","U01 AI150747","75N93019C00052","HHSN272201400006C"],"pubmed_authors":["Schmitz AJ","Mettelman RC","Turner JS","Klebert MK","Kim H","Ellebedy AH","Ghonim MA","Zhou JQ","Schattgen SA","Haile A","Suessen T","Middleton WD","Kim W","Awad W","McIntire KM","Presti RM","Crawford JC","Teefey SA","Thomas PG"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response.","description":"The differentiation and specificity of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T follicular helper cells (T<sub>FH</sub> cells) after influenza vaccination have been poorly defined. Here we profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers for over 2 years after two influenza vaccines were administered 1 year apart to define the evolution of the CD4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>FH</sub> cell response. The first vaccination induced an increase in the frequency of circulating T<sub>FH</sub> (cT<sub>FH</sub>) and LN T<sub>FH</sub> cells at week 1 postvaccination. This increase was transient for cT<sub>FH</sub> cells, whereas the LN T<sub>FH</sub> cells further expanded during week 2 and remained elevated in frequency for at least 3 months. We observed several distinct subsets of T<sub>FH</sub> cells in the LN, including pre-T<sub>FH</sub> cells, memory T<sub>FH</sub> cells, germinal center (GC) T<sub>FH</sub> cells and interleukin-10<sup>+</sup> T<sub>FH</sub> cell subsets beginning at baseline and at all time points postvaccination. The shift toward a GC T<sub>FH</sub> cell phenotype occurred with faster kinetics after the second vaccine compared to the first vaccine. We identified several influenza-specific T<sub>FH</sub> cell clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza virus proteins, and found that each T<sub>FH</sub> cell state was attainable within a clonal lineage. Thus, human T<sub>FH</sub> cells form a durable and dynamic multitissue network.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Sep","modification":"2026-05-04T06:47:22.312Z","creation":"2025-04-06T13:45:04.627Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC11362011","cross_references":{"pubmed":["39164477"],"doi":["10.1038/s41590-024-01926-6"]}}