biostudies-literatureUnknown13(9)Sahoo SK<h4>Objective</h4>We studied the temporal course of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<h4>Methods</h4>Three hundred and two patients (median age 54 years (interquartile range (IQR) 42-64), 76% males) were recruited. The HPA axis was evaluated by morning cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) at admission (n = 232). Adrenal insufficiency (AI) during acute illness was defined using a morning cortisol <83 nmol/L. AI at 12 months follow-up was defined using a peak cortisol <406 nmol/L in the ACTH stimulation test (APST) (n = 90). Those with AI at 12 months were further assessed by APST every 6 months for recovery of hypoadrenalism.<h4>Results</h4>The median morning cortisol and ACTH levels during COVID-19 were 295 (IEndocrine connectionse240086https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11378128biostudies-literatureReversible central adrenal insufficiency in survivors of COVID-19: results from a 24-month longitudinal study.PMC11378128Tripathy NMenon JCSahoo SKYadav SNayak MfalseReversible central adrenal insufficiency in survivors of COVID-19: results from a 24-month longitudinal study.<h4>Objective</h4>We studied the temporal course of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<h4>Methods</h4>Three hundred and two patients (median age 54 years (interquartile range (IQR) 42-64), 76% males) were recruited. The HPA axis was evaluated by morning cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) at admission (n = 232). Adrenal insufficiency (AI) during acute illness was defined using a morning cortisol <83 nmol/L. AI at 12 months follow-up was defined using a peak cortisol <406 nmol/L in the ACTH stimulation test (APST) (n = 90). Those with AI at 12 months were further assessed by APST every 6 months for recovery of hypoadrenalism.<h4>Results</h4>The median morning cortisol and ACTH levels during COVID-19 were 295 (I2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Sep2026-05-08T20:05:57.451Z2025-02-19T02:34:25.977ZS-EPMC113781283904587310.1530/EC-24-0086