biostudies-literatureUnknown24(1)Zuo A<h4>Background</h4>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are significantly implicated in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immunotherapeutic response. However, little is known about the impact of the resident and exhausted status of TILs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<h4>Methods</h4>Single-cell RNA sequencing data was applied to discover resident and exhausted signatures of TILs. Survival outcomes, biological function, immune infiltration, genomic variation, immunotherapeutic efficacy, and sorafenib response were further explored the clinical significance and molecular association of TILs in HCC. Moreover, a candidate gene with predictive capability for the dismal subtype was identified through univariate Cox regression analysis, survival analysis, and the BEST weBMC cancer1152https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11409587biostudies-literatureHigh ratio of resident to exhausted CD4 + T cells predicts favorable prognosis and potentially better immunotherapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.PMC11409587Lv JWeng SLiu ZLiu LZhang YBa YHan XJia WLiu SXu HZuo AWang LfalseHigh ratio of resident to exhausted CD4 + T cells predicts favorable prognosis and potentially better immunotherapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.<h4>Background</h4>Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are significantly implicated in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and immunotherapeutic response. However, little is known about the impact of the resident and exhausted status of TILs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).<h4>Methods</h4>Single-cell RNA sequencing data was applied to discover resident and exhausted signatures of TILs. Survival outcomes, biological function, immune infiltration, genomic variation, immunotherapeutic efficacy, and sorafenib response were further explored the clinical significance and molecular association of TILs in HCC. Moreover, a candidate gene with predictive capability for the dismal subtype was identified through univariate Cox regression analysis, survival analysis, and the BEST we2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Sep2025-04-22T21:40:56.754Z2025-04-06T03:45:20.907ZS-EPMC114095873928966910.1186/s12885-024-12916-0