biostudies-literatureUnknown633(8031)Wei SMetallurgical production traditionally involves three steps: extracting metals from ores, mixing them into alloys by liquid processing and thermomechanical processing to achieve the desired microstructures^1,2. This sequential approach, practised since the Bronze Age, reaches its limit today because of the urgent demand for a sustainable economy^2-5: almost 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions are because of the use of fossil reductants and high-temperature metallurgical processing. Here we present a H₂-based redox synthesis and compaction approach that reforms traditional alloy-making by merging metal extraction, alloying and thermomechanical processing into one single solid-state operation. We propose a thermodynamically informed guideline and a general kineNature816-822https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11424486biostudies-literatureOne step from oxides to sustainable bulk alloys.PMC11424486Raabe DWei SMa YfalseOne step from oxides to sustainable bulk alloys.Metallurgical production traditionally involves three steps: extracting metals from ores, mixing them into alloys by liquid processing and thermomechanical processing to achieve the desired microstructures^1,2. This sequential approach, practised since the Bronze Age, reaches its limit today because of the urgent demand for a sustainable economy^2-5: almost 10% of all greenhouse gas emissions are because of the use of fossil reductants and high-temperature metallurgical processing. Here we present a H₂-based redox synthesis and compaction approach that reforms traditional alloy-making by merging metal extraction, alloying and thermomechanical processing into one single solid-state operation. We propose a thermodynamically informed guideline and a general kine2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Sep2025-04-18T15:56:54.418Z2025-04-07T02:52:21.064ZS-EPMC114244863929437610.1038/s41586-024-07932-w