biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Luize BGWe describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich Communications biology1240https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11446918biostudies-literatureThe biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora.PMC11446918Wittmann FManzatto AGFarias ESFerreira LVDavila NZartman CERamos JFMontero JCLaurance SGWGuedes MCSouza FCSchietti JHouseholder JEStevenson PRvon Hildebrand PVilla Zegarra BECintra BBLParada GASilva NBonates LCMJimenez EMCarpanedo RSBanki OSSousa TRQuaresma ACMagalhaes JLLPrieto Ade Toledo JJZarate Gomez RSilman MRGomes VHFFarfan-Rios WUrrego Giraldo LEBaider CNeill Dde Medeiros MBMilliken WFerreira MJArroyo LVieira ICGStropp JDurgante FMPhillips JFPalacios Cuenca WRamirez-Angulo Hde Aguiar DPPSilveira MHernandez LCardenas Revilla JDCastellanos HGalbraith DRudas AKalamandeen MValverde FCDamasco Gdo Amaral DDLobo GNoronha JCMesones ILopes MAGarcia-Cabrera KZagt RMostacedo BCarvalho FAVos VAGallardo Gonzales GPTello JSGribel RPalma-Silva CRamirez Arevalo FTuomisto HSalomao RPCardenas SPipoly JJGuimaraes JRDSBaraloto CChave JAymard C GAVela CIAKilleen TJMolina GPMiranda IPAvan der Heijden GMalhi YFine PVAda Silva IBKlitgaard BNascimento HEMHoffman BPennington TCamargo JLVilanova Torre EVicentini AEndara MJPenuela Mora MCVasquez REkelschot RAssis RLCano AVenticinque EMFeldpausch TRPetronelli PBarbosa EMBrienen RMonteiro Flores BTorres Montenegro LVriesendorp CParedes MRTer Steege HZent SHenkel TWAlonso AAlbuquerque BWDaly DPhillips OLLevis CPombo MMFonty EReis NFCDi Fiore AFeeley KJPitman NCAMagnusson WEFortier RPTorres-Lezama AAraujo-Murakami ARocha MDuivenvoorden JFDraper FCBalee WBerenguer EHawes JEPeres CAFeitosa YOMatos FDAEngel JDemarchi LOValenzuela Gamarra LThomas RFuentes AComiskey JAMolino JFZent ELCosta JBPLuize BGBredin YKAlexiades MNFerreira CHonorio Coronado ENSchongart JCeron CCasas LFHilario RRPinto LFMFerreira JCorrea DFBarbosa FRCoelho LSHolmgren MMogollon HFLima Filho DACardenas Lopez DOliveira AAPiedade MTFMartins MPSilva TSFTerborgh JMarimon BHde Queiroz HLRodrigues DJBarlow JAndrade AMarimon BSMendoza CPansini SSimon MFGuevara JERuschel ARVasconcelos CCPauletto Dde Oliveira EADallmeier FUmana MNNunez Vargas PMendoza AMCastilho CVSampaio AFvan Andel TRValderrama Sandoval EHCosta FRCde Leao Novo EMMGarcia-Villacorta RRivas-Torres GBaker TRMori GBVargas TMLicona JCGonzales TNascimento MTVillarroel DScudeller VVLaurance WFDexter KGLozada JRAmaral ILDLopes AAhuite Reategui MARincon LMSabatier DHirota MJunqueira ABCarrero Marquez YAHaugaasen TBalslev HCarim MJVLinares-Palomino RIrume MVDavila Doza HPHuamantupa-Chuquimaco IPena JLMCampelo WPereira LOCasula KRCastano Arboleda NPansonato MPfalseThe biogeography of the Amazonian tree flora.We describe the geographical variation in tree species composition across Amazonian forests and show how environmental conditions are associated with species turnover. Our analyses are based on 2023 forest inventory plots (1 ha) that provide abundance data for a total of 5188 tree species. Within-plot species composition reflected both local environmental conditions (especially soil nutrients and hydrology) and geographical regions. A broader-scale view of species turnover was obtained by interpolating the relative tree species abundances over Amazonia into 47,441 0.1-degree grid cells. Two main dimensions of spatial change in tree species composition were identified. The first was a gradient between western Amazonia at the Andean forelands (with young geology and relatively nutrient-rich 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2025-04-26T20:12:58.057Z2025-04-06T16:24:58.021ZS-EPMC114469183935854910.1038/s42003-024-06937-5