biostudies-literatureUnknown14(1)Azizzadeh MPulsatile hemodynamics have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to describe four pulsatile hemodynamic markers in a large, well-established, population-based cohort and to provide reference equations for sex- and age-based standardization of these measurements. 6828 adult participants from the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort study, who were free from overt cardiovascular disease, non-diabetic based on blood test results, and had no history of pharmacological treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, comprised the "reference population". Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), amplitude of forward wave (Pf), and backward wave (Pb) were described in different age categScientific reports23151https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11452679biostudies-literatureReference equations for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, amplitude of forward and backward wave in a European general adult population.PMC11452679Breyer MKBoutouyrie PHametner BAzizzadeh MGross CWassertheurer SHartl SBruno RMWeber TBurghuber OCKarimi ABreyer-Kohansal RfalseReference equations for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, amplitude of forward and backward wave in a European general adult population.Pulsatile hemodynamics have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to describe four pulsatile hemodynamic markers in a large, well-established, population-based cohort and to provide reference equations for sex- and age-based standardization of these measurements. 6828 adult participants from the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort study, who were free from overt cardiovascular disease, non-diabetic based on blood test results, and had no history of pharmacological treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, comprised the "reference population". Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), amplitude of forward wave (Pf), and backward wave (Pb) were described in different age categ2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2026-06-13T05:44:04.641Z2025-04-19T19:28:53.776ZS-EPMC114526793936720010.1038/s41598-024-74162-5